A case study of the labour market status of recent mainland Chinese immigrants,metropolitan Toronto

"This article focuses on an analysis of the labour market status of recent MCIs [mainland Chinese immigrants to Canada], taking into account such factors as gender, educational attainment, language proficiency and period of arrival (or length of residence in Canada), and uses Metropolitan Toronto as a case study. The effect of each factor on MCIs' labour market status will be analysed separately, followed by two logit models examining the simultaneous effects of the factors and their relative importance." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)     

产品全过程的环保成本意识及评价

本文将“环保成本”概念引入产品评价(即在包括产品开发、生产、消费、回收处置的全过程中将环保治理费纳入产品成本),并从企业、国家、消费者利益的角度论述“环保成本法”在中国实施的必要性和可行性,提出产品评价的环保成本因子及其评价模式,进一步探讨解决费用分摊问题的可行途径。     

中国西部开发与美国西部开发的对比研究

通过对美国西部开发和中国西部开发的对比及借鉴美国西部的经济开发策略,对中国西部的经济发展提出了采取“梯度转移”与有条件的“增长极核发展”相结合的经济发展战略模式的建议。     

Optimization Model and Algorithm for Crew Management During Airline Irregular Operations

Airline irregular operations have long been a realm where human experience and judgement are the most important tools to utilize. Crew management during irregular operations is usually the bottleneck of the whole system-recovering process due to complicated crew schedules and restrictive crew legalities as well as the size and scope of the hub-and-spoke networks adopted by major carriers. A system-wide multi-commodity integer network flow model and a heuristic search algorithm for the above purpose are presented and discussed in this paper. The computational experiences show that the algorithm is efficient enough to solve problems of realistic size and also has the flexibility to accommodate practical business requirements.     

Compliance Versus Risk in Assessing Occupational Exposures

Assessments of occupational exposures to chemicals are generally based upon the practice of compliance testing in which the probability of compliance is related to the exceedance [γ, the likelihood that any measurement would exceed an occupational exposure limit (OEL)] and the number of measurements obtained. On the other hand, workers’ chronic health risks generally depend upon cumulative lifetime exposures which are not directly related to the probability of compliance. In this paper we define the probability of “overexposure” (θ) as the likelihood that individual risk (a function of cumulative exposure) exceeds the risk inherent in the OEL (a function of the OEL and duration of exposure). We regard θ as a relevant measure of individual risk for chemicals, such as carcinogens, which produce chronic effects after long-term exposures but not necessarily for acutely-toxic substances which can produce effects relatively quickly. We apply a random-effects model to data from 179 groups of workers, exposed to a variety of chemical agents, and obtain parameter estimates for the group mean exposure and the within- and between-worker components of variance. These estimates are then combined with OELs to generate estimates of γ and θ. We show that compliance testing can significantly underestimate the health risk when sample sizes are small. That is, there can be large probabilities of compliance with typical sample sizes, despite the fact that large proportions of the working population have individual risks greater than the risk inherent in the OEL. We demonstrate further that, because the relationship between θ and γ depends upon the within- and between-worker components of variance, it cannot be assumed a priori that exceedance is a conservative surrogate for overexposure. Thus, we conclude that assessment practices which focus upon either compliance or exceedance are problematic and recommend that employers evaluate exposures relative to the probabilities of overexposure.     

用线性互补及二次规划理论分析市场均衡问题

本文讨论了一类完全竞争条件下的市场均衡问题,供给方的生产特征用线性规划模型进行刻划,市场需求函数源于一般经济意义下的模型,它是一系列相互独立的价格变量的函数．我们将此问题归结为线性互补问题,并依此讨论了均衡点的存在性．本文还讨论了一种用二次规划进行刻划的经济问题,并指出此二次规划的K－K－T条件等价于所讨论的线性互补问题．     

中国A、H股市场分割的根源分析

按照投资者的身份不同,中国的股票市场可分为A、B、H股三个市场,三个市场处于严重的分割状态,其最显著的表现就是A、B或A、H股双重上市公司股票的价差现象。本文拟以A、H双重上市股票为例,深入分析价差产生的原因,揭示中国股票市场分割产生的根源。     

市场定位战略的综合模型研究

本文构建了帮助企业界定有竞争力的定位战略的综合模型,即市场定位方法的钻石模型.本文认为,定位涉及三个关键任务:(1)准确识别目标顾客的需要并确定定位的外延或范围;(2)明确企业在定位主张中强调的顾客收益和价值;(3)制定相应的4P战略以支持定位主张.因此,市场定位需要沿着三个维度展开:(1)制定定位战略的程序;(2)在程序维度的每个具体步骤上需要完成的核心任务;(3)任务维度的每个具体举措所涉及的4P范畴.钻石模型就是整合了这三个维度的理论框架.本文对钻石模型的理论优势和对营销实务的指导作用进行了实证检验.     

斯里兰卡僧泰冲突原因探析

斯里兰卡是一个文化和宗教多元的国家,是僧伽罗人、泰米尔人、摩尔人、伯格人以及其他少数族群的家园.僧泰冲突由来已久,两族的矛盾最终演变成长达26年之久的内战.历史地看,两族之间的矛盾是多维的,既有西方殖民之前就存在的紧张关系,也有英国殖民统治留下的祸患,而独立后政府采取的一些政策更是激化了矛盾.