动物伦理、同情与感情——一个整体性框架

本文有两个目标。第一部分提出了一个用于分析和理解人类与动物关系的整体性框架,用以讨论有关动物福利和伦理的各种论证,重点论述了作为沟通交流中的开放性的自主(自由意志)的观念,以及人类与其他很多动物之间通过"同情"这一基础性的心理机能所推动的情感的反馈。第二部分将追溯并分析道德视角下动物地位的发展,以及从整个中世纪欧洲人类中心的宗教观下人们对动物的看法到启蒙时期乃至现代各种非人类中心的关于动物的态度。本文也将讨论生态女性主义对于各种形式的"支配"和"歧视"(例如种族主义、性别主义、阶级优越论和物种歧视)剖析,生态女性主义认为这些"支配"和歧视之间存在相互关联和相互强化作用,因为它们在思想意识上都建立在同样的"支配逻辑"的基础之上。本文还讨论了这些群体(例如黑奴、妇女、工人以及动物)各自获得解放的程度,以及在整体性框架下对近代欧洲有关动物福利和权利保护的立法的解释。这一框架给予了同情和情感的开放性在沟通和道德中的基础地位。     

Parenting Discrepancy and Child Development in Chinese Context

Although parent–child discrepant perception of the family has been increasingly noted in the west, pertinent research is limited in Chinese societies. In addition, prior pertinent studies predominantly treated parent–child discrepant effects as independent of the general and aggregate family context, which are in fact inseparable. Furthermore, these studies tended to either look at the positive side of child outcomes or those negative ones. The present study, based on a community sample of 223 Chinese parent–child dyads, attempted to examine effects of parent–child discrepancy in effective parenting practices on both children’s positive, i.e. self-control and other perspective taking behavior, and negative outcomes, i.e. internalizing and externalizing problems, directly or indirectly through the mediator of children’s self-concept at the aggregate effective parenting context. Results largely support harmful effects of parent–child discrepancy in effective parenting on the child outcomes directly or indirectly through children’s self-concept. Besides, aggregate effective parenting practices are found to robustly contribute to the child outcomes directly and indirectly through children’s self-concept, even taking parent–child discrepant effects into account. What’s more important, the former is significantly moderated by the latter for its effects on the child outcomes, explicating the conditional nature of parent–child discrepant effects on child development. Contributions and implications of the current study applied in Chinese culture as well as future study directions are also discussed.     

An Analysis of Welfare Participation: Rational-Choice Perspective and Group-Threat Hypothesis

ABSTRACT

This secondary data analysis examined the impacts of human capital, child care, fringe benefits, child support, ethnicity, county economy, and county minority-population size on participation in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) by parents living at or below the federal poverty threshold. Longitudinal records of 1,789 such parents were extracted from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1996–2008). Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression showed that having personal/family problems, being African American, and residing in a county with widespread unemployment were associated positively with TANF receipt. TANF receipt was associated negatively with employment offering a retirement plan, full-time employment, part-time employment, and residence in a county with a large Hispanic population. Future research might explore the relationship between subpopulations’ sizes and states’ TANF policies.     

The historical emergence of a “familial society” in Japan

Theory and Society -     

VLSI／ULSI可靠性的监测与模拟

论述分析了现代ＶＬＳＩ／ＵＬＳＩ电路可靠性监测与模拟技术的研究进展、应用趋势以及相关的新型监测分析技术，并讨论了其研究设计与发展方向。     

Book reviews

Theory and Society -     

国外玛格丽特·阿特伍德研究的历史展开及其理论路径

国外阿特伍德研究经过四十多年的发展已卓有成效,但国内学术界还不曾对这个领域进行过系统地梳理和分析。以女性主义研究为主线来把握庞杂的阿特伍德研究的总体现状和发展脉络是一个很好的方法。一方面,女性主义本身在阿特伍德批评中占据主流地位,另一方面其他包括生态主义、后殖民主义、乌托邦和原型批评等在内的众多批评方法中也渗透着女性意识。据此从比较宏观的层面对四十年来国外英语评论界的阿特伍德研究进行梳理和综述,相信能为国内的阿特伍德研究者提供一定的参考依据。