Grice语用学模式批判

在话语理解中 ,通过解码获得语义 ,通过推理得出说话人意图。在语用学的发展过程中 ,话语理解的重心逐渐转移到推理过程 ,Grice的推理模式就是这种发展的代表 ,认为交际中人们遵守着合作原则以及相关准则 ,违背某些准则是为了表达暗含意义 ,需要推理求得理解。然而 ,Grice过分强调暗含意义 ,而且合作原则及有关准则来源不清 ,严重地削弱了Grice推理模式的解释力。     

The shrimps shall inherit the earth

A new report confirms that peewees outlast titans--among rodents, at least. Whereas most studies assess size at one time point or life stage, the new one tracks the rodents' weight month by month from birth to death. As a result, the work offers the first hint that body weight at an early age correlates with an animal's life expectancy.     

藤野:鲁迅前期内心世界中的一个亮点--在日本芦原町"藤野严九郎与鲁迅"专题研讨会上的发言

鲁迅对藤野先生的感激之情何以非同寻常?首先是自“家庭变故”后,鲁迅一直在寻找“别样的人们”,从南京、东京,至仙台,鲁迅终于发现了“伟大的”“性格”;其次,写作《朝花夕拾》时的鲁迅,因生活中颇多“纷扰”而希望“在纷扰中寻出一点闲静来”,鲁迅正是借回忆藤野先生而在自我生命的底蕴里,寻找光明的力量。     

人性价值观念的演进--从严复的三民说到鲁迅的进化论

严复的"鼓民力,开民智,新民德"三民说,把人性进化从近代引领至现代,起开一代先河的作用.鲁迅则在扬弃严复进化论的基础上提出"一要生存,二要温饱,三要发展"的人性进化观,在其价值原点上,通过自己的价值实践、价值矛盾、价值选择并与马克思主义有机结合,历经了先验性的主观理论架构,体验性的感同身受而走向超验性的终极关怀.自然,鲁迅的进化论更具有时代性、实践性与深刻性,影响也更为持久、深远.     

Role of workplace safety: a revisit of the relationship between job satisfaction and employment status

This study evaluated the relationship between employment status (i.e., part- and full-time) and job satisfaction, with the focus on the moderating roles of perceived injury risk and injury incidence. The results found that the level of job satisfaction for full-time workers was about the same regardless of the level of injury risk they perceived. In contrast, job satisfaction of part-time workers was significantly higher when they perceived low injury risk rather than high injury risk. The findings also supported the potential adverse impact of injury incidence and injury risk on job satisfaction for both part- and full-time workers. This study highlighted the importance of understanding both workplace safety and job satisfaction when attempting to understand the differences between part-time and full-time workers.     

Marginal Regression of Gaps Between Recurrent Events

Recurrent event data typically exhibit the phenomenon of intra-individual correlation, owing to not only observed covariates but also random effects. In many applications, the population may be reasonably postulated as a heterogeneous mixture of individual renewal processes, and the inference of interest is the effect of individual-level covariates. In this article, we suggest and investigate a marginal proportional hazards model for gaps between recurrent events. A connection is established between observed gap times and clustered survival data with informative cluster size. We subsequently construct a novel and general inference procedure for the latter, based on a functional formulation of standard Cox regression. Large-sample theory is established for the proposed estimators. Numerical studies demonstrate that the procedure performs well with practical sample sizes. Application to the well-known bladder tumor data is given as an illustration.