Comparison of treatment regimes with adjustment for auxiliary variables

Treatment regimes are algorithms for assigning treatments to patients with complex diseases, where treatment consists of more than one episode of therapy, potentially with different dosages of the same agent or different agents. Sequentially randomized clinical trials are usually designed to evaluate and compare the effect of different treatment regimes. In such designs, eligible patients are first randomly assigned to receive one of the initial treatments. Patients meeting some criteria (e.g. no progressive disease) are then randomized to receive one of the maintenance treatments. Usually, the procedure continues until all treatment options are exhausted. Such multistage treatment assignment results in treatment regimes consisting of initial treatments, intermediate responses and second-stage treatments. However, methods for efficient analysis of sequentially randomized trials have only been developed very recently. As a result, earlier clinical trials reported results based only on the comparison of stage-specific treatments. In this article, we propose a model that applies to comparisons of any combination of any number of treatment regimes regardless of the number of stages of treatment adjusted for auxiliary variables. Contrasts of treatment regimes are tested using the Wald chi-square method. Both the model and Wald chi-square tests of contrasts are illustrated through a simulation study and an application to a high-risk neuroblastoma study to complement the earlier results reported on this study.     

企业"绿色"经济效益综合评价

企业的经济效益应当赋予新的内涵,生态环保指标是评价企业必不可少的指标之一,建立了企业“绿色”经济效益评价指标,运用层次分析法（AHP）确定各评价指标的权重,并通过对实际观测值进行标准化来计算企业的综合经济效益指数。     

开放式基金在中国的作用及亟待解决的问题

随着我国金融市场的发展完善 ,封闭式基金已不能够满足广大投资者的需求 ,新的理财工具开放式基金逐步浮出水面。文章分析了开放式基金在我国产生的必然性 ,论述了开放式基金的主要作用 ,提出了发行开放式基金应注意的若干问题。对我国开放式基金的成功发行和有效运作具有重要意义     

从会馆看清代海南的发展

随着人口的流动 ,清代海南社会获得了长足的发展 ,与海内外的联系越来越密切。商业会馆在海南的建立以及琼州会馆在海内外的活动是其发展的重要见证。     

副词“还”的“反预期”语用功能及“反预期”的义源追溯

副词“还”义项繁多,其中有些义项在特定语境中表达“反预期”的语用功能,也就是说,“还”所嵌入的句子传达“与预期相反”的话语信息,“反预期”体现的是说话人的立场、观点或态度,所以“反预期”的“还”具有主观性。根据“反预期”功能实现条件,我们发现以下6类义项和用法的“还”具有反预期语用功能：用于转折复句中、用于“比”字句、用在褒义形容词前表主观评价、用在“X还VP呢,别彤不用影何况Y”和“还VP／NP呢”两种句式中、作为一种语气词、“持续义”的“还”不负载句子重音时。“还”从动词虚化为副词,副词又主观化,在整个发展过程中,其“意象-图式”结构保持不变,也就是说,其源义仍然滞留于副词“还”．正是源义滞留使得副词“还”具有反预期的语用功能。     

“此在”——海德格尔生存与思想的合一

海德格尔关于人的思想集中于他的范畴“此在”中。“此在”不是灵魂、精神和人格式的主体,也不是“意志”、“强力”等生命体。“此在”首先意味着生存,人通过生存,表明他存在;其次意味着“现象”或思想,通过思想显示或思念着而存在。最重要的是他的生存和思想是同一的过程,没有生存,“此在”无法存在;没有思想,生存无法得到显现,存在处于黑暗之中,无法得到澄明,而存在的澄明是海德格尔的真理。     

关于英汉隐喻文化的认知

比喻在各种语言中包含了大量的文化信息。本文从认知科学和语言文化学的角度通过荚汉隐喻的对比,研究其中的文化重合与文化特有形象,分析英汉隐喻反映的文化认知,如中英两族人的物质条件、生活方式、风俗习惯和思维方式等,探讨在国际交往日益频繁的大背景下加强文化教育,促进文化交流的时代意义。     

Optimal Multiple Constant-Stress Accelerated Life Tests for Generalized Exponential Distribution

Recently generalized exponential distribution has been discussed by many authors. In this article, we study the optimal constant-stress accelerated life tests with complete sample for the generalized exponential distribution. The problem of choosing the optimal proportions of test units allocated to each stress level is addressed by using V-optimality as well as D-optimality criteria. Some interesting conclusions are obtained. Finally, real data example and numerical examples have been analyzed to illustrate the proposed procedures.     

Urban E-Government Initiatives and Environmental Decision Performance in Korea

Although e-government initiatives have been credited as enginesof government reform, empirical evidence is insufficient todetermine their effects on public sector performance. To explorethe impact of e-government on local governance, this articleexamines how e-government initiatives influence the perceivedperformance of environmental decision making in an urban contextand what organizational and contextual factors affect Web-aideddecision performance. Data were collected from the content analysisof city government Web sites and a nationwide survey of cityofficials in Korea. Findings from path analysis show that (1)information technology leadership of senior management and Website quality are key to decision intelligence, quality, andspeed and (2) e-government Web divide, a gap in the capabilityof city Web sites to support public service delivery and democraticinteraction, translates into disparities in environmental decisionperformance across cities. Additionally, environmental activismis a significant factor shaping the impact of e-government onenvironmental decision making. E-government initiatives contributeto local governance performance, but their impacts vary, dependingon Web site quality and the entrepreneurial leadership of publicmanagers.     

Some Statistical Methods in Assessing Linear Relational Agreement: An Empirical Comparative Study

Although multiple indices were introduced in the area of agreement measurements, the only documented index for linear relational agreement, which is for interval scale data, is the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Despite its meaningfulness, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient does not convey the practical information such as what proportion of observations is within a certain boundary of the target value. To address this need, based on the inverse regression, we proposed the adjusted mean squared deviation (AMSD), adjusted coverage probability (ACP), and adjusted total deviation index (ATDI) for the measurement of the relational agreement. They can serve as reasonable and practically meaningful measurements for relational agreement. Real life data are considered to illustrate the performance of the methods.