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For estimation of the mean of a stationary random process the variance-optimal choice of the observation points (the so called experimental design) is considered. For this discrete and continuous designs are introduced, some known results of process statistics are interpreted to experimental design and a proposal for simplification of the minimization problem is offered, moreover it is proved, that for monotone decreasing eovarianee functions a design, for which the points near the ends of the observation interval are more dense than in the middle, is better than the equidistant design. 相似文献
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The facial behavior during a marble rolling game was analyzed for two samples of children between the ages of 2 and 5 years using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). In addition, for a subsample of children temperament ratings were available. Analysis of coding reliability showed that frequency as well as temporal location coding can be reliably performed for preschoolers. The facial movements show a frequency distribution which is highly similar in both samples. Movements of the mouth, especially the components of smiling, and some movements of the eye region, were observed frequently. Most other facial movements were infrequent events. The more often shown facial movements were stable over a period up to 18 months. In addition, sum-scores of emotion-relevant Action Units were meaningfully related to infant temperament characteristics. 相似文献
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Christoph Breuer Kirstin Hallmann Pamela Wicker Svenja Feiler 《European review of aging and physical activity》2010,7(2):61-70
Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure have to be analysed from
a demographic as well as socio-economical perspective. This means that determinants such as age, gender, nationality/ethnicity,
income, time, educational level, profession, and social status have to be taken into account. However, when comparing the
various studies, the different methods of analysis and different operationalisation of variables have to be considered. This
is in particular vital investigating age. Whilst cross-sectional studies point out that physical activity generally decreases
with increasing age, longitudinal analyses come to different results. Previous studies indicate that pertaining to gender
more men take part in sports than women. However, considering period and cohort effects, recent longitudinal studies showed
that women participate more in sport than in the past. Besides, it was found out that men generally tend to spend more money
on sports than women do. A further finding is that the educational level influences physical activity positively. Research
revealed that income had a positive impact on both, physical activity and sport expenditure. 相似文献
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Lothar Nellessen 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2000,31(4):367-369