Lesbian Health Care: Women's Experiences and the Role for Social Work

ABSTRACT

Lesbian patients and their families may be exposed to discriminatory practices in the health care system. This qualitative study of 57 Midwestern lesbian parents used open- and closed-ended questions to examine the experiences the respondents had with their primary and secondary health care providers. Four themes emerged from the data: systemic barriers to health care, coming out to providers, seeking lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-friendly health care providers, and concern about mistreatment and prejudice within the health care system. Implications for service delivery, health care education, and directions in policy and research are explored.     

北美的妇女学研究

这是一篇对于北美妇女学专业总体特征的概述。妇女学专业发源于60年代末的女权主义运动并在北美的大多数大学中得到发展,目前已达到上百个。除了具有传统的高教专业的特点之外,这些多学科交叉性的专业以其勇于揭示和论证妇女在各个知识领域以及社会实践中的贡献,置疑既定的知识体系,呼吁女性的平等权力和改善妇女的社会地位而独具特点。赋予这些专业以生命活力的种种思考反映着女权运动的各种倾向。寻求性别平等、视性别为具有不同利益的社会阶层、强调性别之间的差别,根据这种差异性,女性拥有其独特的文化,它的融入将促进社会中人际关系的改善。     

A Little Creativity Goes a Long Way: An Examination of Teams’ Engagement in Creative Processes

Using surveys and interview data this research examines teams’ engagement in creative processes. Results of cluster analysis indicated that the more creative teams were those that perceived that their tasks required high levels of creativity, were working on jobs with high task interdependence, were high on shared goals, valued participative problem-solving, and had a climate supportive of creativity. In addition, members of the more creative teams spent more time socializing with each other and had moderate amounts of organizational tenure. Implications for management are discussed.     

Expanded learning the LA's BEST way

LA's BEST reflects on how its values-based program-delivery design positively affects youth development.     

Migrant Parents and the Psychological Well-Being of Left-Behind Children in Southeast Asia

Several million children currently live in transnational families, yet little is known about impacts on their health. We investigated the psychological well-being of left-behind children in four Southeast Asian countries. Data were drawn from the CHAMPSEA study. Caregiver reports from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to examine differences among children under age 12 by the migration status of their household (N = 3,876). We found no general pattern across the four study countries: Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Multivariate models showed that children of migrant fathers in Indonesia and Thailand are more likely to have poor psychological well-being, compared to children in nonmigrant households. This finding was not replicated for the Philippines or Vietnam. The paper concludes by arguing for more contextualized understandings.     

The third birth in Sweden

This paper considers the formulation, estimation and interpretation of microdynamic models of fertility. Our model explains parity choices, sterility, childlessness, interbirth intervals and initiation of pregnancy within a unified framework. We develop a general methodology for estimating the determinants of transition times to births of different orders. Our procedure incorporates time-varying explanatory variables and unobservables. We present conditions that justify conventional formulae relating hazards to survivor functions when time-varying variables enter hazards. We also consider the validity of widely-used piecemeal estimation strategies that focus on one birth at a time. We consider methods for selecting a best model among a class of non-nested models. Two criteria are set forth and used to evaluate the detminants of third births in Sweden.We find that two models fit Swedish microdata equally well. One model is consistent with neoclassical economic theory. It assigns a central role to the wages of men and women in explaining the timing and spacing of births. The other model is purely demographic and excludes wages. Purely statistical criteria cannot distinguish these models although in other work we show that the economic models are more parsimonious in terms of the number of parameters that must be estimated and are better able to forecast aggregate time series.We demonstrate how to interpret the output of multistate fertility models. Wage effects on third births are decomposed into two components: (a) an in direct effect that determines whether a woman is at risk to have a third birth, and (b) a direct effect on the transition rate to the third birth given that a woman has had two births. We find that female wages play an important role in postponing first births but play only a minor role in explaining childlessness. Female wages substantially affect third births. Male wage effects are weaker. We find that female wage effects weaken for more recent cohorts of women. This evidence is consistent with the introduction of progressively more pronatal Swedish policies.This research was supported by NIH Grant No. HD-19226 to NORC. We have benefited from the comments of Elja Arjas and Ricardo Barros. This paper was presented at an IUSSP Conference in Paris, France, in March 1988, and as an invited lecture at the Fourth ESPE Meetings in Istanbul, Turkey, June, 1990. This paper is one part of a trilogy. Heckman and Walker (1990a) presents a succinct summary of the main economic results. Heckman and Walker (1990b) presents a more complete discussion of the empirical results. This paper presents a more purely demographic discussion.