试论职业自我效能感

职业自我效能感是个体对自己能否胜任和职业有关的任务或活动所具有的信念。它是在个人的归因方式、目标设置状况等因素的影响下,通过对自我效能信息的认知加工形成并发展起来的,并可以通过增加正面的职业自我效能信息、改善影响职业自我效能感的因素等措施达到促进其形成和发展的目的。职业自我效能感对个人的职业选择、工作绩效等方面都有很大的影响作用,在职业辅导、职业培训等领域开展职业自我效能辅导极具现实意义。     

Regression models for binary longitudinal responses

Some conditional models to deal with binary longitudinal responses are proposed, extending random effects models to include serial dependence of Markovian form, and hence allowing for quite general association structures between repeated observations recorded on the same individual. The presence of both these components implies a form of dependence between them, and so a complicated expression for the resulting likelihood. To handle this problem, we introduce, as a first instance, what Follmann and Wu (1995) called, in a different setting, an approximate conditional model, which represents an optimal choice for the general framework of categorical longitudinal responses. Then we define two more formally correct models for the binary case, with no assumption about the distribution of the random effect. All of the discussed models are estimated by means of an EM algorithm for nonparametric maximum likelihood. The algorithm, an adaptation of that used by Aitkin (1996) for the analysis of overdispersed generalized linear models, is initially derived as a form of Gaussian quadrature, and then extended to a completely unknown mixing distribution. A large scale simulation work is described to explore the behaviour of the proposed approaches in a number of different situations.     

Simpson's Paradox in Survival Models

Abstract.  In the context of survival analysis it is possible that increasing the value of a covariate X has a beneficial effect on a failure time, but this effect is reversed when conditioning on any possible value of another covariate Y . When studying causal effects and influence of covariates on a failure time, this state of affairs appears paradoxical and raises questions about the real effect of X . Situations of this kind may be seen as a version of Simpson's paradox. In this paper, we study this phenomenon in terms of the linear transformation model. The introduction of a time variable makes the paradox more interesting and intricate: it may hold conditionally on a certain survival time, i.e. on an event of the type { T > t } for some but not all t , and it may hold only for some range of survival times.     

马克思哲学唯物史观中人的现实性

人的现实性以及现实中的人是马克思哲学历史观的第一个前提,它是源于马克思对于旧唯物主义和唯心主义的批判和继承。而这种现实性的人又不仅仅是作为前提而存在的,在马克思那里也是一种历史性的存在。这种人的现实性存在于生产实践的历史中,同时这个历史又衍推出个人的现实性。     

布罗代尔市场理论--市场化程度研究的新视角

改革开放以来我国逐渐从计划经济体制向现代市场经济体制转变,国家整体经济水平逐年上升.我国的市场化水平发展的程度如何、质量如何,一直是许多经济学工作者普遍关注的问题.文章在总结已有研究成果的基础上,发现其可供借鉴的研究方法及共同存在的问题,并结合法国年鉴学派代表人物布罗代尔的市场理论旨在探寻研究我国市场化进程的新思路.     

变迁中的基层治理资源及其治理绩效：基于鄂西南河村黑地的分析

本文在田野调查的基础上,以鄂西南河村黑地的产生与演变为基点,展开对中国乡村社会治理变迁的研究。文章分析了基层政府同乡村社会的互动,进而探寻村庄社区内部的治理逻辑。研究发现,黑地的产生是科层制留给乡土社会实践空间、农户自我拓展生存资源以及村组干部摆平社区内部关系等多种因素形塑出来的结果。对于黑地的存在与分配,乡镇政府以默认的方式视而不见,它所赋予村组干部行为的自主性促使其在缺乏其他软性价值规范的治理手段的情况下,将土地本身作为一种治理手段。黑地就是在这一过程中被不断地再生产和分配的。     

异质性社区的社会交往与社区认同——北京沙村的个案研究

通过对北京一个流动人口聚居区的田野调查,基于本土居民适应的视角,讨论分析了本土居民与外来移民在共居状态下日常交往的内容与层次,并进一步阐述了外来移民对本土居民的家庭生活、社会交往以及社区认同的影响。研究表明,无论在客观层面还是主观认同上,"社会距离"真实地存在于本土居民与外来移民的社会交往中;同时,由于与外来移民打交道成为他们日常生活中最重要的内容,本土居民之间的互动和社区参与受到制约,邻里社会资本这类传统的社会连接纽带遭到破坏,本土居民的社区认同与归属感降低,社区整合与秩序受到了挑战。     

游：诗性审美的生存方式

“游”是中国传统文人的一种生命体验，一种理想的人生境界，一种诗性审美的生存方式；“游”也是一种文化模式．一个极具特色的美学范畴。     

Blurred discourses: how market isomorphism constrains and enables collective action in civil society

Abstract Civil society – both national and transnational – is produced through the activities and discourses of a plurality of social actors, including political parties, NGOs and (new) social movements, media organizations, third sector organizations, market firms, and professional and trade associations. To understand the current dynamics of civil society, we need to combine the concept of the plurality with the investigation of a second phenomenon: namely, that in our globalized landscape master ideas and patterns of practices travel and materialize not only across national borders but also across different spheres of institutional life. In opposition to mainstream diffusionist explanations of the travel of ideas, we use Latour and Callon's translation model as a theoretical tool for reading an ‘exemplary’ case study taken from a broader Italian research programme. In particular, our aim is to provide some insights about how the current emphasis on economic performance and managerialization is translated into organizational processes of everyday activity regarding one of the most traditional collective actors of civil society, the third sector organization. The case considered here is a cooperative, whose origins are rooted in an encounter with Africa, and which is now engaged in a fair trade network. Specifically, we depict the complex system of meaning and practices that characterize this field when economic categories and priorities (for example rationalization, calculative action and efficiency) meet and blend with more conventional and expected logics of action (for example solidarity, emancipation and expressive behaviour) that are embedded within it.     

平衡劳资关系：维护农民工合法权益的根本

农民工合法权益屡遭侵害的根本原因在于劳资关系不对称,直接原因是现行各种维权举措尚未"对症下药".从根本上解决这一事关全局的重大问题的根本出路在于,提高他们的组织程度,成立完全代表农民工利益的组织,壮大农民工的力量.