Assessing the diversity of the benthic oligochaete communities in urban and woodland ponds in an industrial landscape (Upper Silesia,southern Poland)

Studies were carried out in two mining pond complexes in an industrial landscape. The first complex (consisting of six ponds) was located in an urban area and the second one (consisting of six ponds) in a woodland area. The aims of the study were to assess the diversity of benthic oligochaetes and to evaluate which environmental variables are most important in determining variations in the community structure in ponds of varying location. In total, 21 oligochaete species were recorded (7–11 in the urban ponds, 11–15 in the woodland ponds). Aulodrilus pluriseta, Aulodrilus japonicus and Ophidonais serpentina were only found in the woodland ponds, while Potamothrix bavaricus only occurred in the urban ponds. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Limnodrilus claparedeanus, Chaetogaster diaphanus and Ophidonais serpentina dominated in the woodland ponds, whereas Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Limnodrilus claparedeanus, Potamothrix bavaricus and Tubifex tubifex prevailed in the urban ponds. The total density of oligochaetes was higher in the urban ponds thought the values of the diversity indices were higher in the woodland ponds. The local diversity of the ponds was high, while the among-site diversity made only a small contribution to the regional diversity. Nonetheless, a cluster analysis divided all of the ponds into two distinct groups depending on their location. CCA analysis showed that conductivity, pH, total hardness, alkalinity, the concentration of chlorides and the content of organic matter in the bottom sediments were most associated with the distribution of some oligochaete species among the ponds studied.     

Comparing the effectiveness of respondent-driven sampling and quota sampling in migration research

We evaluate the effectiveness in empirical migration research of the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and the quota sampling with regard to four criteria: quality of the data; sociometric diversity of the sample; geographic coverage of the sample; and cost-effectiveness. We review two surveys of ex-USSR migrants, conducted simultaneously in the Warsaw metropolitan area, each undertaken with the use of one of the two sampling methods. We find that although the RDS was considerably costlier, it enabled faster data collection and posed a lower risk of underestimating the cost of the survey. We also find that the RDS generated higher-quality data, and that it was more successful in surveying short-term circular migrants. This comparative evaluation contributes to the literature on social research methods in that it links the sampling methods with the quality and character of the data, and helps assess the usefulness and applicability of RDS in empirical migration studies.     

论传教士对近代青海的认知

近代传教士有关青海地区的调查资料,不仅详尽实录了青海的地势、山川、民族、语言等内容,而且也记述了基督教在青海地区传教的历史和教会活动的情况,从中可以窥知近代传教士在青海地区传教的策略或方针.     

论我国行政强制执行体制

我国的行政强制执行体制一直是行政法学争论的焦点之一。有人主张按照大陆法系国家的行政强制模式即把行政强制执行权完全交给行政机关来构建我国的行政强制执行体制;还有人主张按照英美法系国家的行政强制模式即把行政强制执行权完全交给司法机关来构建我国的行政强制执行体制。笔者从四个方面展开论述我国的行政强制执行体制应定位于现行法律规定的在一般情况下申请人民法院强制执行,法律特别授权的则由行政机关强制执行的格局。     

大别山村落文化探微

在现代化语境中,大别山村落文化要摆脱文化的贫困,走出发展的窘境,实现文化的现代化,就必须摈弃旧有文化中的惰性因子,改变传统的心理思维定势,积极汲取现代文化中的有益元素。     

生态人类学的方法论

生态人类学立足于民族文化对人类生态行为及其后果进行分析,在分析时必然受到时间、空间制约及其它多种因素的干扰。本文提出“终端验证”的生态人类学研究方法,“终端验证法”的适用范围不仅在于文化的生物性适应方面,更在于文化的社会性适应方面。借助“终端验证法”,从文化的同质度、抗风险度和储备度三方面着手,可最大限度减少干扰,满足生态人类学的研究需要。     

百年中国共产党独特性的解释进路、表现向度与生成逻辑

和其他政党相比较,中国共产党具有不同于一般政党的独特样态,它们集中诠释着党的独特优势和优良品质。党的独特性蕴含在党的历史使命与行动价值之中,同时也通过具体的政党行为映现出来。党的独特性主要表现为具有彻底的自我革命性、博大的人类情怀、超越自我的牺牲精神、高度的政党纯洁性以及非凡的红色政党气质等。党的独特性的生成具有复杂性,是内在与外在因素、历史和时代环境以及国内和国际条件等共同作用的集合体。党的独特性源于无产阶级政党的特殊基因,是对党的百年政治实践的能动反映,是党持续拓展政党功能的集中显现,更是党有效应对百年复杂世界体系的结果。     

消费文化与身份建构——论嘉莉妹妹的消费观

《嘉莉妹妹》以真切的现实主义为鲜明特征,真实地反映了19世纪末20世纪初美国兴起的消费热,以及人们的观念如何随之转变,由过去的清教思想强调的克制、勤俭,变为现代的注重欲望,张扬和享乐。本文从消费文化与身份建构的角度分析了女主人公如何从一位天真的农村少女成为喜剧明星的过程,以及女主人公身上所反映出来的美国20世纪消费文化的流变及其产生的负面影响。     

劳动力转移的困境和挑战——基于对凉山彝族外出务工人员困境的思考

目前,在凉山彝区,外出务工是劳动力转移的主要方式,许多家庭通过外出务工脱贫致富。在当地无力承担和消化剩余劳动力的情况下,外出务工的现象将长期存在,正确认识彝区劳动力转移的合理性非常必要。为此笔者对四川凉山的冕宁、盐源等地彝区外出务工人员较多的村寨通过田野调查方式,了解当地劳动力转移的历史和现状,掌握存在的问题并分析其原因,提出解决思路和具体措施。应该建立劳动力转移的社会支持系统,继续不懈地积极推进劳动力转移工作。继续加大各级职业技术教育,增强劳动力转移的市场竞争力。加强法制教育,促进用人机构和彝族群众增强法制意识,依法促进彝族务工者的城市融入。进一步强化乡镇劳务开发工作体系建设,加强跨区域合作,倡导有序输出,规范对劳务经纪人的管理,强化劳务培训质量,提高彝族务工人员素质,保护彝族务工人员的合法益。