Effects of human-related disturbance on breeding success of urban and non-urban blue tits (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyanistes caeruleus</Emphasis>)

There is a need to study the effects of urbanization on wildlife in order to understand the ecological implications of increasing urbanization and find out how to reduce its threats to biodiversity. The blue tit evolved as a forest species and prefers deciduous and mixed forests, whereas its nesting in urban habitats is a more recent phenomenon. Our long-term study of blue tit populations has been conducted in two habitats: an urban parkland (frequently visited by people) and a deciduous forest outside of the city. Using linear mixed modeling, we revealed that a relationship of blue tit breeding success (and the number of fledglings) with thermal conditions in May differed between the urban parkland and the forest. While the relationship was positive in the forest, it was negative in the parkland. In addition, breeding success in the parkland increased with increasing number of rainy days in May. We argue that the main possible reason for such patterns is human activity in the parkland, which interferes with tit parental care, especially the regular feeding of nestlings, whereas it is evidently associated with weather conditions. Human disturbance in the forest is likely to be negligible.     

新型交联酸液体系的研制及其应用

针对滩坝砂低渗透油藏渗透率低、储量规模大、储层物性差、非均质严重、层间差异大等地质特点，研制了新型地面交联酸液体系，通过室内交联和破胶实验，筛选出了能在强酸性条件下交联，成本较低的稠化剂和交联剂，并配制了交联酸进行室温成胶和破胶实验，确定了室内最优的交联比和聚合物黏度，加入添加剂配制成交联酸体系，分别进行成胶、破胶、缓蚀、助排、耐温实验。新型地面交联酸液体系具有高黏度、低滤失，低酸岩反应速度，更大改造半径等优点，在滨10X1 井应用取得良好增产效果。     

Integrative Analysis of Cancer Diagnosis Studies with Composite Penalization

In cancer diagnosis studies, high‐throughput gene profiling has been extensively conducted, searching for genes whose expressions may serve as markers. Data generated from such studies have the ‘large d, small n’ feature, with the number of genes profiled much larger than the sample size. Penalization has been extensively adopted for simultaneous estimation and marker selection. Because of small sample sizes, markers identified from the analysis of single data sets can be unsatisfactory. A cost‐effective remedy is to conduct integrative analysis of multiple heterogeneous data sets. In this article, we investigate composite penalization methods for estimation and marker selection in integrative analysis. The proposed methods use the minimax concave penalty (MCP) as the outer penalty. Under the homogeneity model, the ridge penalty is adopted as the inner penalty. Under the heterogeneity model, the Lasso penalty and MCP are adopted as the inner penalty. Effective computational algorithms based on coordinate descent are developed. Numerical studies, including simulation and analysis of practical cancer data sets, show satisfactory performance of the proposed methods.     

A plug-in the number of knots selector for polynomial spline regression

A plug-in the number of interior knots (NIKs) selector is proposed for polynomial spline estimation in nonparametric regression. The existence and properties of the optimal NIKs for spline regression are established by minimising the weighted mean integrated squared error. We obtain plug-in formulae for the optimal NIKs based on the theoretical results of asymptotic optimality, and develop strategies for choosing the NIKs of the spline estimator. The proposed NIKs selection method is tested on our simulated data with quite satisfactory performance, and is illustrated by analysing a fossil data set.     

Dynamic work hour optimization for casual workers

An original online problem named the work-break problem is proposed to optimize the work hours of casual workers. The algorithm for our problem has to answer for a casual worker about when he should have a break for his efficiency declines with the growing duration of current work period. We consider the online uncertainty of the work efficiency and present a periodic algorithm for the problem. Then our algorithm is proved to be 2-competitive by a novel form of competitive analysis.     

基于弹性定额理论的建筑能耗定额方法研究

论述了能耗定额的概念及意义,通过对能耗定额方法的研究,可以促进建筑的合理用能,能进一步推动我国节能减排事业的发展。分析了国内目前的几种能耗定额方法,提出了基于弹性定额理论的能耗定额方法,该方法能够鼓励能耗的降低,抑制能耗的增加;弹性能耗定额理论简单明了,易于国家调控政策的实施。     

Sensorial Place-Making in Ethnic Minority Areas: The Consumption of Forest Puer Tea in Contemporary China

This article examines sensorial place-making through analysing the taste and other sensory experiences of forest Puer tea in its consumption among the urban middle class in mainland China. In the process of creating the ‘terroir’ of forest Puer tea, sensorial experience has been frequently linked to its place of origin. I argue that ethnic minorities who cultivate the tea play a vital part in the imagination of the tea's terroir. Trips by consumers to the mountains where the tea is cultivated, which aim at facilitating a ‘full experience’ of the tea and its culture, have generated a special pattern of interactions between the urban middle class who consume the tea and the ethnic minorities who cultivate it. The consumption of Puer tea, which brings about social imaginary and transcendent economic value, has become a driving force for producing the locality of ethnic minority areas.     

Assessing Water Poverty in China Using Holistic and Dynamic Principal Component Analysis

In 1988, James Coleman observed that “social capital is defined by its function. It is not a single entity but a variety of different entities, with two elements in common: they all consist of some aspect of social structures, and they facilitate certain actions of actors-whether persons or corporate actors-within the structure.” If one looks at the state of social capital research, it is clear that this is truer than ever before. This paper seeks to help researchers overcome the major challenges of social capital research, namely, measuring a concept that is notoriously difficult for measurement and choosing among the exhaustive list of direct, casual and consequential measures. It does so by arguing for a typology of social capital that considers five major types of social capital and then reviewing a diverse selection of data available from national surveys. This provides a resource for scholars wishing to pursue large-scale social capital research. Additionally, it draws six lessons from this body of theory and measurement to improve the study of social capital.     

少数民族商人城市文化调适与城市民族工作方法的创新——以成都彝族果商的形成、影响为例

以成都彝族果商为例，使用2014年度六次入户访谈（采取彝汉双语半结构深度访谈）和抽样问卷的统计资料，针对彝族果商形成的原因及社会影响进行梳理、论证，提出城市管理工作中涉及少数民族管理的可行性建议。少数民族在进入城市生存与发展过程中，非常愿意接受城市营销管理规则和城市人基本权益等常识，然而苦于无处获得有益的信息。目前城市管理工作中，对少数民族外来人口一直滞留于以干预为主的模式。少数民族人口流动的城市管理工作必须选择一条以预防为主、干预为辅的道路，即及时、有效地在萌芽阶段发现问题和解决问题，才能使顺利实现创建和谐社会的目标。     

腐植酸盐对吉林稠油乳化作用研究

以乳状液稳定性为指标，在室内评价了腐植酸盐对吉林稠油的乳化作用。结果表明：腐植酸盐可以作为稠油乳化剂使用，具有一定的乳化降黏作用，但因原料、生产工艺不同，乳化性能存在差异。腐植酸盐与氢氧化钠复配使用可大大提高乳化性能。腐植酸盐可有效提高表面活性剂对稠油的乳化效果，其中对非离子表面活性剂的效果最好，对阴、阳离子表面活性剂作用相当。