大学生欠费现象的成因剖析与对策研究

大学生欠费现象逐年升级,既有其政策制度原因、经济原因,又有高校内部管理原因和大学生心理原因。要解决大学生欠费问题,必须进一步完善高等教育成本分担机制,合理制定收费标准,完善助学体系,推行生源地助学贷款,在加强学生教育管理的同时狠刹恶意欠费之风,改革收费制度,加强高校内部管理,建立激励、约束机制。     

Analysis of ordered covariate effects among groups with repeated measurements

Testing procedures for ordered covariate effects are developed in the repeated measures experiment. The maximum likelihood estimators of covariate effects under the ordered hypothesis are approximated by the isotonic regression of their unconstrained estimators. The asymptotic null distributions of the test statistics are chi-bar-square distributions which are mixtures of chi-square distributions. A Monte-Carlo simulation reveals that the proposed test for ordered covariate effects is seriously more powerful than the usual chi-square test that neglects the information on the order restriction. These testing methods are applied for analyzing the effect of vitamin E diet supplement on growth rate of animals.     

Job stress,daily stress,and depressive symptoms among low-wage workers in Korea: the role of resilience

This study examined the effects of job stress and daily stress on depressive symptoms and the role of resilience as a moderator among low-wage workers in South Korea. Using purposive sampling, we analysed 254 low-wage workers of private-sector organisations in Seoul and Gyeong-gi province. Results indicated that age, self-rated health, job stress, and daily stress were significant predictors of depressive symptoms, and the moderating effect of resilience was significant only for the relationship between daily stress and depressive symptoms. Findings suggest the significance of using different approaches to manage job stress and daily stress, which in turn will affect low-wage workers’ mental health.     

Variable Selection for Naive Bayes Semisupervised Learning

This article deals with a semisupervised learning based on naive Bayes assumption. A univariate Gaussian mixture density is used for continuous input variables whereas a histogram type density is adopted for discrete input variables. The EM algorithm is used for the computation of maximum likelihood estimators of parameters in the model when we fix the number of mixing components for each continuous input variable. We carry out a model selection for choosing a parsimonious model among various fitted models based on an information criterion. A common density method is proposed for the selection of significant input variables. Simulated and real datasets are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.     

A parametric approach for measuring the effect of the 10th revision of the international classification of diseases

Summary.  The World Health Organization revises the international classification of diseases about every 10 years to stay abreast of advances in medical science and to compare international health statistics. However, the new revision (i.e. the 10th revision) introduces discontinuities in mortality trends, making it impossible to compare the mortality statistics before and after the revision directly. The US National Center for Health Statistics published comparability ratios to correct the discontinuities between the two sets of mortality data: one coded by the ninth revision and the other by the 10th revision. We propose a parametric two-stage model to produce new comparability ratios and use these ratios to correct the discontinuities. The asymptotic behaviour of the comparability ratios is investigated. Our model not only measures the extent of discontinuities in trends in mortality but also can be used to forecast future mortality. Comparing with the National Center for Health Statistics's ratios, our comparability ratios smooth out the discontinuities better for most causes.     

Estimating the immigration multiplier: an analysis of recent Korean and Filipino immigration to the United States

"This article explores the effect of 'chaining' through the petitioning of relatives on the demand for future immigrant visas [to the United States]. The data for the study come from a 1986 survey of 3,911 respondents from the Philippines and the Republic of Korea who were interviewed in Manila and Seoul just after they had received their U.S. immigrant visas. Analyses are conducted to derive different types of multipliers that may be used in estimating the effects of chain migration.... The empirical results for the Philippines and Korea indicate that the potential for future immigration through the family reunification entitlements of the immigration law is lower than has previously been suggested." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1987 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 53, No. 3, Fall 1987, p. 385).     

Exploring an analytic model of urban housing strata

An analytic model of urban housing strata is developed which utilizes housing structure type, housing tenure type, floor size, physical quality, residential area, and number of rooms to calculate a housing deficit for each housing characteristic. The housing norm is subtracted from the actual housing conditions. Each housing deficit value is weighted according to the priority of the 6 variables and then summed as the housing strata score. Negative scores are below the norm and positive ones above. The model is applied to empirical data for Seoul, Korea. The findings were that 66% of the family sample showed negative scores (unsatisfactory housing conditions). Scores range from -22 to =or+ 18. Morris and Winter's "housing adjustment model" is used to explain housing behavior when there is a gap between housing conditions and the norm. Housing behavior is analyzed with multiple regression analysis of housing strata, social strata, and family life stage variables. Findings indicate that the establishment stage in the family life cycle is more likely to be associated with upper housing strata. From the way the model is set up only those in the establishment, childbearing, and child-rearing stage could get a positive deficit housing score. Size of household is not statistically significant, but upper housing strata are reflective of families with 2.5 members. Those with 3-4.5 members may be in the upper middle housing strata. Those with 5 children are in the lower middle housing strata. Housing strata are significantly related to housing structure type, tenure type, and size and number of rooms. The high rise apartment is likely to be in the upper, the row house and multifamily house in the lower housing, and the single detached house is distributed through all 4 strata. Home ownership is highest in the upper strata. The proportion of housing with 18 pyong and 2 rooms is higher in the lower strata, while housing with 19-32 pyong (63-106 sq. ms) and 3 rooms is higher in the middle housing strata. Housing satisfaction is significantly explained by housing strata but not general social strata (r = .13). Propensity to move is explained by family life stage followed by housing strata.     

A Cultural Perspective on the Study of Chinese Adolescent Development

This paper argues that the dominant Western construction of adolescent development which defines adolescence as an individuation process with the primary theme of developing an autonomous self is alien to the Chinese cultural system. In contrast to the Western conception of an autonomous self based on separation from others and self-other differentiation, the Chinese conception of self is more complicated. Based on the Chinese-West differences, the paper argues that the borrowed Western concept of self and the Western models do not appear to fit Chinese adolescents' experience. A concept of self-in-relational-network is therefore proposed for understanding the unique developmental processes and outcomes of Chinese adolescents.