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61.
Heitor de Oliveira Duarte Enrique Lopez Droguett Márcio das Chagas Moura Elainne Christine de Souza Gomes Constança Barbosa Verônica Barbosa Moacyr Araújo 《Risk analysis》2014,34(5):831-846
We developed a stochastic model for quantitative risk assessment for the Schistosoma mansoni (SM) parasite, which causes an endemic disease of public concern. The model provides answers in a useful format for public health decisions, uses data and expert opinion, and can be applied to any landscape where the snail Biomphalaria glabrata is the main intermediate host (South and Central America, the Caribbean, and Africa). It incorporates several realistic and case‐specific features: stage‐structured parasite populations, periodic praziquantel (PZQ) drug treatment for humans, density dependence, extreme events (prolonged rainfall), site‐specific sanitation quality, environmental stochasticity, monthly rainfall variation, uncertainty in parameters, and spatial dynamics. We parameterize the model through a real‐world application in the district of Porto de Galinhas (PG), one of the main touristic destinations in Brazil, where previous studies identified four parasite populations within the metapopulation. The results provide a good approximation of the dynamics of the system and are in agreement with our field observations, i.e., the lack of basic infrastructure (sanitation level and health programs) makes PG a suitable habitat for the persistence and growth of a parasite metapopulation. We quantify the risk of SM metapopulation explosion and quasi‐extinction and the time to metapopulation explosion and quasi‐extinction. We evaluate the sensitivity of the results under varying scenarios of future periodic PZQ treatment (based on the Brazilian Ministry of Health's plan) and sanitation quality. We conclude that the plan might be useful to slow SM metapopulation growth but not to control it. Additional investments in better sanitation are necessary. 相似文献
62.
This article asks what strategies are available to dominated actors in fields of cultural production. Using archival and biographical materials on Ottoman/Turkish women intellectuals, we show that they effectively used, depending on their social and cultural capital and their past practices, at least four strategies. Apart from the well-theorized strategy of subversion, they could also deploy acquiescence, collaboration, and defiance. These four strategies, we argue, constitute a two-dimensional space defined by loyalty vs. resistance on one hand and the overtness vs. covertness of loyalty or resistance on the other. While much of this space is best understood in terms of reciprocal social exchange, the assumptions of exchange break down in the case of overt resistance, showing that strategy goes beyond negotiation and that the understanding of power as always-already implicated with resistance has limits. 相似文献
63.
Ángel Díaz-Chao Pilar Ficapal-Cusí Joan Torrent-Sellens 《Social indicators research》2016,125(2):613-633
Through a representative sample of 9,100 and 8,755 employees in 2008 and 2010, and a using two-stage structural equation model, this article empirically analyses the multi-dimensional determinants (direct effects) of job quality in Spain. The research concludes that: #1 despite the economic crisis, job quality improved over the analysis period; #2 there was a shift in job quality explanation towards a more complete model with greater preponderance of the dimensions connected with the workplace relationships, work intensity, working conditions and work–life balance in detriment to dimensions connected with the intrinsic job quality and extrinsic rewards. These results suggest the importance of the working environment and social relationships, beyond the quality of the workplace, as important tools of employment public policy to improve labor markets and to overcoming the economic crisis. 相似文献
64.
Connecting Tenure Security with Durable Solutions to Internal Displacement: From Restitution of Property Rights to the Right to Adequate Housing
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Patricia García Amado 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》2016,54(4):74-86
The end of displacement is a main goal of international peacebuilding strategies, with increasing financial and human resources committed to it. Nevertheless, protracted internal displacement remains unabated, necessitating a review of the responses provided thus far. Durable solutions to internal displacement require a safe, permanent and secure place to settle, which puts security of tenure at the centre of any sustainable option. This article emphasizes the limited understanding of the factors that contribute to secure tenure as one of the main flaws in a predominantly legal approach to the right to restitution and the right to adequate housing in responses to internal displacement. It calls for the design of contextualized and inclusive strategies to align the de jure, de facto and perception dimensions of tenure security to support the sustainable settlement of internally displaced persons as well as the construction of peace. 相似文献
65.
Juan Manuel Moreno-Manso Mª Elena García-Baamonde Eloísa Guerrero-Barona Mª José Godoy-Merino Macarena Blázquez-Alonso Pablo González-Rico 《Journal of youth studies》2016,19(6):821-835
This research work analyses the emotional intelligence (EI) and the social cognitive attitudes and strategies in adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age in residential care. The aim of the work is to identify those aspects that hinder their socio-emotional competence, requiring a more urgent intervention. We explore the presence of significant differences between the variables under study according to gender and age range (12–14 and 15–17) and we analyse the relationship between the dimensions of their EI and their social competence. The results show a lack of EI in these adolescents, with all three dimensions being affected: emotional attention, clarity of feelings and emotional repair. As for social competence, it can be seen that the adolescents are characterised by a lack of confidence and firmness in their interactions. Worthy of note is the impulsive cognitive style, as are the rigidity of thought and the tendency towards social mistrust and suspicion. There are many difficulties concerning the strategies for resolving social problems. This research highlights the need to design training programmes for the residential care centres that will favour their socio-emotional development. 相似文献
66.
67.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration variations in Rome in the period January 2009 to December 2010 was monitored. Five representative sites (T sites) in the city centre with different traffic levels and urbanistic characteristics, and four urban parks (P sites) of different sizes were selected. The regression analysis underlines the significant (p?≤?0.05) correlation between traffic levels and CO2 concentration. Considering the daytime CO2 concentration peak among T sites, Cerchi Street and Teatro Marcello Street, located in the city centre and closed by buildings, showed the highest traffic levels (85?±?3 and 63?±?2 cars min?1, respectively) and the highest CO2 concentration (512?±?11 and 488?±?8 ppm, respectively). With regards to the considered P sites, those extending over the largest surface areas (Villa Pamphilj Park and Villa Borghese Park, 180 and 80 ha, respectively) characterized by large tree coverage (81 ha and 60 ha, respectively) had a significant lower CO2 concentration (404?±?9 ppm, mean value) than those extending over a small surface area (Villa Torlonia Park and Villa Celimontana Park, 14 ha and 11 ha, respectively). More efforts should be made to further reduce CO2 concentration in the cities in order to ameliorate ecosystem services related to urban parks. 相似文献
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69.
Retracted Article: The victorious counterrevolution: the nationalist effort in the Spanish Civil War
Pedro García-Guirao 《National Identities》2020,22(2):I-IV
We, the Editors and Publisher of National Identities, have retracted the following book review:Pedro García-Guirao (2019)Book Review of The victorious counterrevolution: the nationalist effort in the Spanish Civil War. National Identities, published online on 14th February 2019, DOI:10.1080/14608944.2018.1563986The above-mentioned book review contained some inaccuracies in quotations and some statements which may be misleading as to the contents of the book. The book review was subsequently revised and re-published as DOI: 10.1080/14608944.2018.1563986We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”. 相似文献
70.
Camilo García‐Jimeno 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2016,84(2):511-570
The U.S. Prohibition experience shows a remarkable policy reversal. In only 14 years, a drastic shift in public opinion required two constitutional amendments. I develop and estimate a model of endogenous law enforcement, determined by beliefs about the Prohibition‐crime nexus and alcohol‐related moral views. In turn, the policy outcomes shape subsequent learning about Prohibition enforcement costs. I estimate the model through maximum likelihood on Prohibition Era city‐level data on police enforcement, crime, and alcohol‐related legislation. The model can account for the variation in public opinion changes, and the heterogeneous responses of law enforcement and violence across cities. Results show that a 15% increase in the homicide rate can be attributed to Prohibition enforcement. The subsequent learning‐driven adjustment of local law enforcement allowed for the alcohol market to rebound to 60% of its pre‐Prohibition size. I conclude with counterfactual exercises exploring the welfare implications of policy learning, prior beliefs, preference polarization, and alternative political environments. Results illustrate the importance of incorporating the endogenous nature of law enforcement into our understanding of policy failure and policy success. 相似文献