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101.
This article analyses aspirations and intentions to migrate based on Gallup World Poll for the period 2010–2015. We estimate individual‐level traits associated with aspirations and intentions to migrate across groups of countries in different regions and with different income levels. This paper brings together previous hypotheses regarding migration aspirations and tests them under several specifications, while keeping separate findings according to migration aspirations and intentions to appreciate differences between them. Being dissatisfied with one’s own standard of living is associated with a higher probability of desiring to move, while the relation with the actual preparation to migrate is less clear. Some individual traits remain significant across (almost) all specifications: being male, foreign‐born, highly educated, and having networks abroad are associated with higher probability of preparing for international migration. Aspects related to one’s economic situation are not consistently significant across specifications, signalling the importance of contextual analyses for these factors. 相似文献
102.
Segregation may have profound effects when it is paired with an accumulation of inequalities. This is namely the case when ethnic and socioeconomic segregation overlap. Few studies in Europe have, however, addressed the relationship between ethnic and socioeconomic segregation in a comprehensive manner. This paper first aims at investigating the interrelation between ethnic and socioeconomic segregation in Belgium. Second it looks into the role of scale in the relationship between ethnic and socioeconomic segregation. The analyses are based on the newly available geocoded data from the 2011 Belgian census. These data were used to construct individualised neighbourhoods at nine scales with a nearest-neighbours approach for the urban agglomerations of Brussels, Antwerp, and Liege. Ethnic and socioeconomic indicators calculated for these individualised neighbourhoods were then inputted in independent factor analyses for each agglomeration. The results reveal remarkably similar segregation patterns in the three cities. Our analyses give way for three main conclusions: there is an undeniable process of spatial isolation of deprived migrants in Belgium’s inner cities; despite the central location of neighbourhoods with high concentration of migrants and poverty, the scope of isolation is considerably high, both in extension and in population density; and macro/national factors such as housing policies and territorial processes seem to shape the segregation patterns in Belgian cities. 相似文献
103.
Social Indicators Research - We present the first study of multidimensional poverty in Benin using the consensual or socially perceived necessities approach. There is a remarkable level consensus... 相似文献
104.
Marco Espinoza 《Journal of Sociolinguistics》2024,28(1):89-92
105.
James Costa 《Journal of Sociolinguistics》2023,27(4):327-344
This paper introduces and discusses Occitan sociolinguistics as it evolved from the 1970s onward as a theory of language contact as conflict. It was developed in conjunction with its Catalan counterpart and as a reaction to Joshua Fishman's allocational model of diglossia, and came as a response to conditions of swift social and linguistic change in Southern France after the Second World War. This model, proposed mainly at first by Robèrt Lafont in Montpelhièr, is strongly materialist in that it focuses on the material conditions of language production and replaces the language movement among other social struggles. This paper first explores the roots of the contemporary Occitan movement and its links with the birth of Occitan sociolinguistics. It then analyzes key concepts in Occitan sociolinguistics such as diglossic ideology as essential to understand processes of minoritization, linguistic alienation, and social domination. Finally, it looks at how this approach conceptualizes language revitalization not as a linguistic issue but as a social one and suggests that Occitan sociolinguistics provides an alternative to models of language loss and revival rooted in cultural and identity politics. 相似文献
106.
Richard Jessor Mark S. Turbin Frances M. Costa 《Journal of research on adolescence》2010,20(3):707-725
This article reports a cross‐national study of developmental change in health‐enhancing behavior—healthy eating and regular exercise—among adolescents in China and the United States. The application of a conceptual framework comprising psychosocial and behavioral protective and risk factors—both proximal and distal and at both the individual and social contextual level—is shown to provide a substantial account of variation in change in those behaviors over a 2‐year interval. The explanatory account has generality across gender, the 3 grade cohorts, and most importantly, across the 2 markedly diverse societies. 相似文献
107.
Marco Costa 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2010,34(1):15-26
The spatial organization of 1,020 groups comprised of adolescents and young adults, observed in an ecological setting while
walking, was analyzed. Observations were made in an urban environment where walking speed could be considered. The results
showed that male dyads and triads tended to walk abreast less often than female dyads. Mixed dyads walked abreast more often
than same-sex dyads; and the males preceded the females in two-thirds of the cases. The male groups walked at a higher rate
of speed than the female groups. Walking speed was correlated to misalignment between group members when walking. The most
frequent spatial arrangement in triads was a “<” formation (as seen from above, while the walking direction was from left
to right), with the middle individual positioned slightly behind in comparison to the lateral individuals. Groups comprised
of more than three individuals tended to split themselves into single individuals, dyads, and triads. 相似文献
108.
109.
We deal with the ranking problem of the nodes in a directed graph. The bilateral relationships specified by a directed graph
may reflect the outcomes of a sport competition, the mutual reference structure between websites, or a group preference structure
over alternatives. We introduce a class of scoring methods for directed graphs, indexed by a single nonnegative parameter
α. This parameter reflects the internal slackening of a node within an underlying iterative process. The class of so-called
internal slackening scoring methods, denoted by λ
α
, consists of the limits of these processes. It is seen that λ0 extends the invariant scoring method, while λ
∞
extends the fair bets scoring method. Method λ1 corresponds with the existing λ-scoring method of Borm et al. (Ann Oper Res 109(1):61–75, 2002) and can be seen as a compromise between λ0 and λ
∞
. In particular, an explicit proportionality relation between λ
α
and λ1 is derived. Moreover, the internal slackening scoring methods are applied to the setting of social choice situations where
they give rise to a class of social choice correspondences that refine both the Top cycle correspondence and the Uncovered
set correspondence. 相似文献
110.
Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of relative risks via log-binomial regression requires a restricted parameter space. Computation via non linear programming is simple to implement and has high convergence rate. We show that the optimization problem is well posed (convex domain and convex objective) and provide a variance formula along with a methodology for obtaining standard errors and prediction intervals which account for estimates on the boundary of the parameter space. We performed simulations under several scenarios already used in the literature in order to assess the performance of ML and of two other common estimation methods. 相似文献