The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine the implications of fathers' experiences of work stress for paternal behaviors with infants across multiple dimensions of parenting in a sample of fathers living in nonmetropolitan communities (N = 492). LPA revealed five classes of fathers based on levels of social–affective behaviors and linguistic stimulation measured during two father–infant interactions. Multinomial logistic regression analyses suggested that a less supportive work environment was associated with fathers' membership in multiple lower quality parenting classes. Greater work pressure and a nonstandard work schedule also predicted fathers' membership in the latent parenting classes, although these associations differed depending on the number of hours fathers spent in the workplace.相似文献
Using data from a 31-year panel study, we investigate reciprocal relationships between individuals’ attitudes about gender and their experience with a range of social settings commonly associated with the transition to adulthood. These settings include school, the labor market, independent living arrangements, cohabitation, marriage, and parenthood. We consider the extent to which gender and age moderate the relationships between attitudes about gender and exposure to these social contexts. Ordinary least squares regression and hazard models demonstrate that support for egalitarian roles for women and men in families is positively linked to subsequent school enrollment, women’s full-time employment, and independent living, but negatively associated with the subsequent timing of entry into marriage and marital parenthood. Accumulated schooling, independent living, and full-time employment are associated with changes in individuals’ attitudes about gender. Despite careful attention to gender differences, we find surprisingly little evidence that the causes and consequences of attitudes about gender differ for women and men, with the primary exception being the positive association of employment and egalitarian gender attitudes for women but not for men. 相似文献
Among the most significant events marking the transition to adulthood are role changes involving the assumption of adult responsibilities. These include entry into the adult roles of worker, spouse, and parent. Because entry into one adult role tends to have implications for entry into other adult roles, the ages at which these role changes occur are related. It is therefore instructive to view the process of adult role entry as a process that is initiated when the first of several role changes occurs. The purpose of this paper is to examine initiation of the process of adult role entry. Data from a fifteen-year followup study of high school students originally surveyed in 1957–58 and resurveyed in 1973–74 are analyzed to determine which of several role changes initiated the process of adult role entry and the age at which the process was initiated for cohorts born during the early 1940s. A model predicting the age at initiation of the process is estimated, and the parameters of that model are compared with the parameters of comparable models predicting educational attainment and the timing of exit from the student role.This research was supported by Grant Nos. R01-HD16164 and R01-HD18596 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. I am indebted to Peter H. Rossi and James S. Coleman for their assistance and support during the collection of data on which the research was based. The assistance of Peter J. Hodsdon and Lillian L. Southwick in processing the data and Pamela Navatta in typing the paper is also gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
Most studies of Australia’s historical fertility decline have emphased the similarities of the pace and composition of the decline with those of the United Kingdom, continental European countries, and other colonies settled by the British. Recent scholarship has questioned the usefulness of focusing on aggregate data that give misleading impressions of homogeneity. Preferred methodological approaches take a holistic view to the determinants of fertility change within a local context. The scope for analogous studies in Australia is considered, through a review of potential source materials and research questions. 相似文献
Objective. How do individuals of Asian descent in the United States identify themselves in ethnic terms and why? The purpose of this research is to map the contours of ethnic self‐identities among Asian adults and explain their identity preferences in this immigrant community of color. Methods. We analyze a new and large‐scale survey that collected public opinion from randomly selected individuals of the six largest Asian American descents who resided in five major metropolitan areas in 2000–2001. Results. We find that two‐thirds of the respondents prefer to identify themselves in ethnic‐specific modes. Although only one in six respondents preferred to identify themselves as “Asian American,” close to six in ten respondents indicated acceptance to this panethnic term as part of their identification. Using multinomial regression analysis, we show that indicators of primordial ties and prior socialization, in addition to cultural, social, and political integration, are instrumental in structuring ethnic identity preferences among Asian Americans. Conclusions. Our results confirm ethnic identity as a fluid, malleable, and layered phenomenon that depends on context. Our findings also highlight the need for reconsideration and expansion of the extant conceptual frameworks on studying ethnic identity formation for a nonwhite, multiethnic, multilingual, and globally connected population. 相似文献
Although commonly cited as explanations for patterns of sibling similarity and difference, observational learning and sibling deidentification processes have rarely been examined directly. Using a person‐oriented approach, we identified patterns in adolescents' perceptions of sibling influences and connected these patterns to sibling similarities and differences and sibling relationship qualities. Participants included two adolescent‐age siblings (firstborn age M = 16.39, second‐born age M = 13.78) from 171 maritally intact families. Two‐stage cluster analyses revealed three sibling influence profiles: modeling, deidentification, and non‐reference. Analyses revealed differences in the correlations between firstborn and second‐born siblings' personal qualities across the three groups and differences in the sibling relationship qualities of younger siblings who reported modeling vs. those who reported deidentifying from their older siblings. Discussion focuses on refining the study of sibling influence processes. 相似文献
This study examines the geography of the population of gay men located in the Connecticut River Valley area of Massachusetts where, by the 1990s, a significant minority lived on the metropolitan edge and in rural towns. Previous research has focused on the rich social life of urban gay men or on the isolation of those in rural areas. In contrast, in this study, interview data indicated that many gay men have created a way of life that was gay, non-urban and home centered, with gay men integrated into the larger community. Interviewees described their lives in the region as being positively affected by a level of tolerance, if not complete acceptance, more often associated with large urban centers.Gay men's attitudes toward the relatively large and public lesbian population in the region were complicated. The legacy of lesbian separatism from the 1970s and early 1980s caused some division, and there had been some resentment on the part of gay men in being the less visible and powerful part of the gay and lesbian population. However, in the Valley lesbians had done much of the hard work of increasing acceptance of lesbian and gay people, and recently gay men and lesbians have collaborated on significant projects. Overall, a gay male culture has formed at relatively low densities indicating both the diversity of rural areas and the de-linking of gay social networks from urban cores and the presence of self-conscious diversity in rural areas.
We don’t have a neighborhood we all live in and one or two bars that we all go to, or everybody flocks to a certain bar on Sundays at 3 o’clock, or another bar on Saturdays at 11 o’clock, or you’ll find us at this restaurant and that restaurant and this restaurant, only. But because we’re everywhere in the area, we sit in parking commission, we haul garbage, and we treat the sick and we teach schools, and we are police officers, and we are administrators, and we are clerical staff, and whatever. … I think we’re ahead of the curve in that way in that we’re very strong and … for the most part we are so comfortable with it that we don’t need to ghettoize ourselves. And yet we want to be around each other, and so volleyball's very popular. Potlucks are very popular. You know there's still a need for an opportunity for us to meet each other, but our day to day lives are lived in the larger community, and are involved in the larger running of our towns, and I think that's ahead of the curve for the larger general gay population. (Paul, age 35, human resources specialist, partnered, white, non-native, upper Valley resident, homeowner)
Article Outline
1. Gay men, space, and community
2. Methods
3. Life in the valley
5. Reasons for coming to the Valley
6. The potluck scene
7. Integration with the wider community
8. Relations with lesbians
9. Class and the meaning of community
10. Final questions
References
The Connecticut River Valley region of Massachusetts is an area of around 700,000 people in the western part of New England. The region includes the metropolitan area of Springfield to the south, as well as dozens of rural towns to the north, east, and west (see Fig. 1). In the 1990s the Connecticut River Valley became well known for its lesbian population with the group appearing on national television networks and mainstream media such as the Los Angeles Times and Newsweek (ABC News, 1994; Kantrowitz and Senna, 1993; Mehren, 1991). This population was centered around Northampton, in the middle of the region, but significant numbers lived in rural towns ( Forsyth, 1997a). 相似文献
The current study examines the effects of three forms of childhood victimization on self-reported delinquency and aggression in adolescent girls. These analyses are based on a longitudinal sample of 141 mother-daughter pairs participating in a study about marital violence and child development. When the children were school aged, mothers and children provided reports describing (a) child exposure to marital violence, (b) escalated physical abuse against the child, and (c) child sexual abuse. Children were followed up into adolescence and re-interviewed. Self-reports of delinquency (violent and nonviolent), running away, and violence against parents were collected. Results indicate that out of the three forms of victimization, child sexual abuse emerged as the strongest predictor of girls' violent and nonviolent criminal behavior. Girls with a history of physical abuse in childhood were most likely to assault their parents. Witnessing marital violence failed to contribute further to delinquency, beyond the adverse association with childhood sexual abuse. Findings highlight a unique avenue for delinquency in girls via childhood sexual exploitation. 相似文献