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31.
ABSTRACT Homeless populations often suffer from mental illness, substance abuse, and criminality. Interventions, such as supportive housing, can have positive impacts, although benefits can be limited. This study examined outcomes for clients (N = 102) of a new supportive housing intervention. Use of formal treatment, jail contact, and community stability were compared pre- and post-housing. Jail bookings and residential substance abuse treatment significantly declined post-housing, while clients improved in income level, access to food, and housing stability. Results from official justice and treatment system data suggest that supportive housing can lead to significant changes. Future research is necessary to understand the relationship between client characteristics and outcomes. 相似文献
32.
Neighbors C Lostutter TW Whiteside U Fossos N Walker DD Larimer ME 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):259-273
Two studies examined the relationships among injunctive norms and college student gambling. In study 1 we evaluated the accuracy
of perceptions of other students’ approval of gambling and the relationship between perceived approval and gambling behavior.
In study 2 we evaluated gambling behavior as a function of perceptions of approval of other students, friends, and family.
In study 1, which included 2524 college students, perceptions of other students’ approval of gambling were found to be overestimated
and were negatively associated with gambling behavior. The results of study 2, which included 565 college students, replicated the findings of
study 1 and revealed positive associations between gambling behavior and perceived approval of friends and family. Results highlight the complexity of
injunctive norms and the importance of considering the reference group (e.g., peers, friends, family members) in their evaluation.
Results also encourage caution in considering the incorporation of injunctive norms in prevention and intervention approaches. 相似文献
33.
34.
Sarah Beth Estes Mary C. Noonan David J. Maume 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(4):527-545
Researchers have proposed that work-family policy use may either reinforce or challenge the existing gendered division of
labor within couples, but results from prior studies have been inconclusive. Using data from a regional survey of work and
family life, we extend this research by focusing on how housework is divided within couples and by differentiating between
traditionally female- and male- typed housework tasks. Results show that among dual-earning women, policy use is not related to share of female- or male-typed
tasks. Among dual-earning men, policy use is positively related to share of female-typed tasks and negatively related to share
of male-typed tasks. These findings suggest that work-family policy use does not reinforce the gendered division of housework.
相似文献
Mary C. NoonanEmail: |
35.
The overall aim of the two school-based pilot studies was to evaluate whether an approach to prevention that focused on changing child impulse control, decision making, and social competence can be effective in changing attitudes toward food intake and physical activity as risk factors for obesity. The strategy used was to translate specific components of one evidence-based program for violence prevention (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies: PATHS) into an elementary school curriculum program for obesity prevention. Both studies demonstrated significant changes in positive attitudes toward self-regulation of appetitive behavior. In addition, Study 2 demonstrated positive changes in actual food choices and television viewing patterns. Implications are that comprehensive efforts to prevent youth risk for obesity should include as one component school-based curricula that target self-regulation and decision-making skills. 相似文献
36.
Mary E. Campbell Verna M. Keith Vanessa Gonlin Adrienne R. Carter-Sowell 《Race and social problems》2020,12(3):266-278
Several different measures of skin color are popular in social science surveys, yet we have little evidence to suggest which method is the most valid or re 相似文献
37.
Mary Murphy 《Social Policy & Administration》2020,54(2):250-264
This article focuses on multiple conditionalities in benefits and housing from the perspective of lone parents in Ireland. The Irish case echoes historical experiences elsewhere and is offered not as an exceptional or extreme case but as an in-depth single case study and a lens for comparison. Although contemporary forms and combinations of conditionalities are new to Ireland, the experience of multiple conditionalities in benefits and housing is not new. Hence, a historical perspective is used to examine contemporary multiple conditionalities in benefits and housing. In the past, conditional regimes for lone parents were justified in terms of moral reformation for first time mothers and avoiding moral contagion of mothers with subsequent pregnancies. In contemporary times, in the case of employment, lone parents are problematised as working part-time and “nesting” on in-work-benefits, and in the case of homelessness, lone parents who prioritise the security of tenure embedded in social housing are accused of “gaming” the system. While acknowledging ambiguities, the paper finds the overlap of welfare and housing discourses contribute, intentionally or unintentionally, to epistemological foundations or understandings of lone parents, shifting public perceptions, and framing them as “problems” to be solved. They simultaneously temper lone parents' expectations. Increased precarity and disempowerment is associated with dual conditionality, and ontological uncertainty is multiplied when experienced cumulatively across employment, social protection, and housing regimes in a context of generally poor public services and labour market precarity and in the historical context of stigmatisation. Nonetheless, lone parents demonstrate considerable agency. 相似文献
38.
39.
Cristian Oliva‐Aviles Mary C. Meyer Jean D. Opsomer 《Revue canadienne de statistique》2019,47(2):315-331
Estimates of population characteristics such as domain means are often expected to follow monotonicity assumptions. Recently, a method to adaptively pool neighbouring domains was proposed, which ensures that the resulting domain mean estimates follow monotone constraints. The method leads to asymptotically valid estimation and inference, and can lead to substantial improvements in efficiency, in comparison with unconstrained domain estimators. However, assuming incorrect shape constraints may lead to biased estimators. Here, we develop the Cone Information Criterion for Survey Data as a diagnostic method to measure monotonicity departures on population domain means. We show that the criterion leads to a consistent methodology that makes an asymptotically correct decision choosing between unconstrained and constrained domain mean estimators. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 315–331; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada 相似文献
40.
Mary K. Fagan 《Infancy》2019,24(3):338-355
Infant development has rarely been informed by the behavior of infants with sensory differences despite increasing recognition that infant behavior itself creates sensory learning opportunities. The purpose of this study of object exploration was to compare the behavior of hearing and deaf infants, with and without cochlear implants, in order to identify the effects of profound sensorineural hearing loss on infant exploration before cochlear implantation, the behavioral effects of access to auditory feedback after cochlear implantation, and the sensory motivation for exploration behaviors performed by hearing infants as well. The results showed that 9‐month‐old deaf infants explored objects as often as hearing infants but they used systematically different approaches and less variation before compared to after cochlear implantation. Potential associations between these early experiences and later learning are discussed in the context of embodied developmental theory, comparative studies, and research with adults. The data call for increased recognition of the active sensorimotor nature of infant learning and future research that investigates differences in sensorimotor experience as potential mechanisms in later learning and sequential memory development. 相似文献