Fraud,ethics, and the disciplinary contexts of science and scholarship

This article argues that the disciplinary context is the locus of illegitimate—fraudulent and deviant—as well as legitimate activity in science and scholarship. It discusses the structural features of disciplines that condition variation in rates and types of malpractice. These features include levels of: research activity, replication and replicability, coauthorship, locus of creativity in publication (compared to the research process), and intellectual fragmentation. Her current work is a study of research productivity, funded by The National Science Foundation. She is a member of the publication committee of The American Sociological Association and past publication chair of The Society For Social Studies of Science. She is an associate editor ofGender and Society and editorial board member ofWork and Occupations.     

The self as risk taker: a cultural theory of contagion in relation to AIDS

Some people are prepared to take high risks with their lives and those of others. Should this be surprising? Is it more normal to be risk-taking? Or risk averse? The argument below will be that the risk taking facet and the risk-averse facet of the personality each emerges in the course of a public debate on freedom and control. It is not psychology but anthropology that shows how the community forces sharp and clear ideas about the self upon its members.     

Multiple Family Therapy Systems

This paper investigates multiple family therapy (MFT), a treatment method which includes several families in a series of sessions with the therapist(s). A brief historical development of MFT is included as well as reports of multiple family therapy groups found in the literature. The characteristics of this treatment method are delineated with special attention to the elements of change attributed to MFT and the stages of development in MFT groups. The role of the therapist and special problems in MFT are also explored. Some implications for research are outlined, indicating that MFT is lacking adequate validation as a treatment modality. Possible advantages inherent in multiple family therapy systems, which have been suggested by therapists' clinical findings, are also reported.     

A brand share model for Canadian cigarettes

In an attempt to gain some insight into the way in which advertising affects the distribution of sales with different brands, a brand share model for Canadian filter cigarette brands is presented, using Canadian data for the period 1967-1975.     

Nudity and Framing: Classifying Art,Pornography, Information,and Ambiguity

Drawing on 45 interviews, this paper addresses how people interpret and make sense of nude images within popular culture. I suggest that the nude image resides comfortably in three familiar and bounded frames: art, pornography, and information. These frames clearly provide the reader with cues that aid his/her interpretation of the nude as well as his/her evaluation of the nude. A fourth frame is under construction this is the commodified frame used in selling products and magazines. Older adults refuse to address the acceptability of this frame; younger adults believe it to be a bounded category close to the other three. Age distinguishes between the kinds and amounts of cultural work that people do in deciding the acceptability of the frames that contain nude images.     

Disability and job stress: Implications for vocational rehabilitation planning

Because people with disabilities often experience an increased risk for physical and psychological complications of job stress, vocational rehabilitation professionals must be able to (a) identify individual and work-environmental risk factors for job stress and (b) design appropriate interventions to minimize those risk factors. The purpose of this article is to (a) present two models of occupational stress, (b) examine factors common to each of these models that are associated with employee health and well-being, and (c) suggest implications for rehabilitation planning.     

Reliability in rehabilitation measurement

The article examines reliability as a key component of the psychometric properties of tests and inventories. What is reliability, types of reliability, why is reliability important, and other reliability issues are addressed in a manner that will help Work readers to better understand and apply psychometric considerations in the context of rehabilitation research. The authors contend that reliability is an essential condition for the psychometric soundness of measurement instruments that are used in rehabilitation research and practice.     

Contributions of Clinical Sociology to the Medical Field

Health care in the United States is a complicated structure of social roles, processes, and communication, involving both patients and professionals. Understanding the social dimensions of the health care process can assist health professionals in providing better care to their patients. This paper analyzes several dimensions of the health care system, as suggested in a paper by Kallen (Kallen D. J. 1984. Clinical Sociology Review 2:78–93.) These include the perceptions of participants in the system; structures of the groups involved, including their roles and norms; the process by which groups, as opposed to individuals, operate; and finally the need for the clinical sociologist as a system maintenance specialist, to deal with these problems.