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181.
182.
183.
Hedwig Lee Kathleen Mullan Harris Penny Gordon-Larsen 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(4):505-532
Increasing obesity among Americans is a serious issue in the US, especially in the pediatric and young adult population. We
use a longitudinal design to examine the relationship between childhood poverty/welfare receipt and obesity onset and continuity
from adolescence into young adulthood using three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We include
multiple measures of disadvantage that co-occur with poverty and model potential mediating mechanisms within a life course
framework. We find a significant effect of poverty/welfare receipt in childhood on obesity outcomes for females, but not for
males. However, other measures of socioeconomic disadvantage such as neighborhood poverty, and low parental education are
related to obesity in both males and females. Poverty may impact female obesity through the mediating effects of physical
activity, inadequate sleep, skipping breakfast and certain forms of parental monitoring, while race is an important confounder
of poverty’s influence. This paper highlights the important influence of poverty and other aspects of social disadvantage
on obesity outcomes during this critical transition to adulthood. Implications of this research include physical activity
and parenting interventions for low-income youth. In addition, governmental efforts should be made to increase physical activity
opportunities in poor neighborhoods.
相似文献
Hedwig LeeEmail: |
184.
Cristina Bradatan 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(4):389-404
A restrictive population policy led to almost doubling the number of newborns from one year to another in Romania in the 1960s.
Twenty years later, this large generation (of women) enters a marriage market with few eligible older mates, in a society
where marriage is a must. In this article, I analyze this social experiment within the broader frame of the marriage squeeze/two
sex models. Using various data from censuses and surveys, I argue that the marriage market is flexible even when is confronted
with disproportionately large cohorts. If the social pressure toward marriage is strong, the marriage rates do not necessarily
fall, but the mating age patterns change.
相似文献
Cristina BradatanEmail: |
185.
Florence Jany-Catrice 《Social indicators research》2009,93(2):377-391
In this article, a new indicator designed to capture the multidimensionality of the social health of the French regions is
put to the test. Drawing on regional data for 2004, this indicator of social health (ISH) sheds new light on the social performance
of the French regions. The worst performers are the highly urbanised regions, whereas others, such as Limousin, turn out to
perform well in social terms. Two or three regions remain stuck at the bottom of the table regardless of the indicator used.
Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Languedoc-Roussillon, which bring up the rear in terms of gross disposable income (GDI) and gross domestic
product (GDP) per capita, also record very mediocre scores for social health as measured by our ISH.
相似文献
Florence Jany-CatriceEmail: |
186.
Partial Order Theory has been recently more and more employed in applied science to overcome the intrinsic disadvantage hidden
in aggregation, if a multiple attribute system is available. Despite its numerous positive features, there are many practical
cases where the interpretation of the partial order can be rather troublesome. In these cases the analysis of underlying dimensions
could be useful to uncover particular data structures. The paper shows a way of addressing the problem with the help of an
actual case study, which deals with European opinions on services of general interest. In particular, a partial order of countries
is firstly provided and then a method to detect dimensions is discussed and applied. The analysis stems directly from the
Partially Order Set (poset) and Lattice theory with particular references to dimension theory and Formal Concept Analysis.
The study is eventually able to pinpoint role and relevance of different attributes characterizing EU countries which are
used to define the partial order.
相似文献
Rainer BrüggemannEmail: |
187.
Personal Values as Mitigating Factors in the Link Between Income and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from the European Social Survey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from the first two rounds of the European Social Survey, we examine the link between income, reference income and
life satisfaction across Western Europe. We find that whilst there is a strong positive relationship between income and life
satisfaction, reference or comparison income exerts a strong negative influence. Interestingly, our results confirm the importance
of personal values and beliefs not only as predictors of subjective well-being, but also as mitigating factors in the relationship
between income, reference income and life satisfaction. While our findings provide additional empirical support for the relative
utility hypothesis, they are also consistent with Rojas’ (J Econ Psychol 28:1–14, 2007) Conceptual-Referent-Theory (CRT), which is based on the premise that the salience of income and comparison income depends on one’s intrinsic values
and personal beliefs.
相似文献
Yannis GeorgellisEmail: |
188.
Judith Christine Streak Derek Yu Servaas Van der Berg 《Social indicators research》2009,94(2):183-201
This paper offers evidence on the sensitivity of child poverty in South Africa to changes in the adult equivalence scale (AES)
and updates the child poverty profile based on the Income and Expenditure Survey 2005/06. Setting the poverty line at the
40th percentile of households calculated with different AESs the scope and composition of child poverty are found to be relatively
insensitive to the scale used. The rankings of children of different ages, girls versus boys, racial groupings and children
living in rural versus urban areas are unaffected by choice of AES, although some provincial rankings on the poverty headcount
measure are. The proportions of children and households ‘correctly’ identified as poor for the full range of scales is extremely high.
These findings support the argument that it may be appropriate for profiling poverty in South Africa to use a poverty line
based on a per capita welfare measure. For the construction of the child poverty profile, per capita income is used as the
welfare indicator with the poverty line set at the 40th percentile of household. The profile suggests that poverty amongst
children is more extensive than amongst the population or adults even after the massive injection of transfers into households
with poor children through the child support grant. The child poverty headcount, depth and severity are all highest amongst
children age 0–4 and lowest amongst those aged 15–17, who are not yet beneficiaries of the grants. They are also highest amongst
African and Coloured children. Large variations across provinces remain. The analysis underlines the importance of prioritising
children in the fight against poverty, particularly in their earliest years. 相似文献
189.
Richard Eckersley 《Social indicators research》2009,94(1):1-12
This article focuses on the contributions and, importantly, the limitations of subjective wellbeing (happiness/satisfaction)
measures as indicators of broad population wellbeing and societal functioning. The popular practice of comparing happiness
among countries gives a skewed view of how well their people are faring. Charting trends over time in happiness and mental
health gives contradictory pictures of population wellbeing; even the responses to different questions within the same survey
can yield very different findings. Asking people about their own lives and about social conditions produces contrasting results.
These issues challenge the orthodox model of human development, which places Western liberal democracies at its leading edge.
According to an alternative, psychosocial-dynamics, model, some, at least, may be societies in decline. Reconciling these
views is no simple matter. 相似文献
190.
The study explores and distinguishes links between parental status (childless persons, parents with residential children,
and empty nest parents) and a range of psychological well-being outcomes in midlife and old age. Data are from the first wave
of the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation (NorLAG) study (n = 5,189). We separate outcomes into cognitive (life satisfaction and self-esteem) and affective (positive and negative affect,
depression, loneliness) components. Parental status has a net effect on cognitive well-being among women, as childless women
report significantly lower life satisfaction and self-esteem than both mothers with residential children and empty nest mothers.
However, motherhood is inconsequential for affective well-being. Among men, parental status is unrelated to any of the well-being
aspects. Parental status effects are not modified by age, marital status, and education. The results demonstrate the importance
of investigating the effect of parental status and other objective circumstances on a range of psychological well-being outcomes.
Furthermore, the results reviewed and presented indicate somewhat more positive effects of parenthood in the Nordic countries
than in the US, highlighting the role of social policies in shaping the impact of parental status on well-being. 相似文献