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21.
Miriam Wüst 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2010,19(1):407-418
Comparative studies of welfare reforms encounter two problems. First, the counterfactual problem is that in the real world schemes and their reforms do not coexist simultaneously and are hard to compare. Second, the contextual problem derives from the absence of comparable measures for change. Microsimulation helps to overcome these problems. It compares policy options – actual reforms or reform plans – simultaneously and provides a comparable measure: the disposable income of model families. This article uses a type–case approach to investigate recent reforms of the German parental leave benefit. Simulation makes those reforms comparable over time and across countries. Results show that the profile of the German scheme is changing from 'general family' towards 'dual-earner' support. Furthermore, the recent reforms make the German scheme converge towards the Swedish leave scheme. The recent reforms introduce a new concept of fairness and a focus on gender equality to German family policies. 相似文献
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Michael Braun Noah Lewin‐Epstein Haya Stier Miriam K Baumgärtner 《Journal of marriage and the family》2008,70(5):1145-1156
Despite huge imbalances in the division of housework between women and men, previous studies have found perceptions of equity on the part of women to be much more frequent than feelings of injustice. Taking a comparative perspective on the basis of International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2002 data (N = 8,556), we find that, on the individual level, the explanatory frameworks that have been found to influence the actual inequality of household division of labor (time availability, resource dependence, and gender ideology) contribute to the explanation of perceptions of equity, in that they interact with the inequality of the household division of labor. On the country level, the gender‐wage ratio and the average level of inequality are important predictors. 相似文献
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Gloria Cowan Miriam Resendez Elizabeth Marshall & Ryan Quist 《The Journal of social issues》2002,58(2):247-263
Freedom of speech and equality are two basic values in American culture that cause a value conflict with regard to hate speech. This study examined the effects of priming of values of freedom of speech and equal protection (equality) on perceptions of and attitudes toward hate speech and value prioritization. Data were collected from 159 college students. Priming of freedom of speech directed participants' attitudes and values toward advocating freedom of speech, whereas priming for equal protection directed attitudes and values toward the harm of hate speech. Participants primed for free speech viewed hate speech (introduced via scenarios) as less harmful and the speaker as less accountable than those primed for the harm of hate speech and a control group. 相似文献
26.
Miriam Azaunce 《Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless》1995,4(3):255-263
This paper addresses the question of whether spirit possession, a concept with a religious/spiritual base, is, in fact, more accurately defined as a major symptom of a mental disorder, such as schizophrenia, and according to the Eurocentric tradition, should be treated with psychotropic medication and psychotherapy. On the other hand, should this culturally determined phenomenon and such alternative curative interventions as spiritual healing be more seriously examined as viable ways of defining and treating mental illness? The way in which the self is defined and understood, within different cultural contexts, is employed to explore the differing ways in which psychotic symptoms are understood and ultimately treated. 相似文献
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Miriam Raviv Ph.D. MFCC 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1993,9(1):17-30
Personality characteristics of three groups were compared: sexual addicts (N=32, 6 females, 26 males, ¯x age=36.37), pathological gamblers (N=32, 13 females, 19 males, ¯x age=46.15), and non-addicts (N=38, 13 females, 25 males, ¯x age=39.65). The sexual addict group was significantly more anxious, depressed, obsessive-compulsive and interpersonally sensitive than the non-addict control group. The sexuai addict group was significantly more depressed than the pathological gambler group. The pathological gambler group was significantly more depressed than the non-addict control group, but was not significantly more anxious, obsessive-compulsive, or interpersonally sensitive. Neither addict group scored higher on levels of sensation-seeking or self-defeating behaviors than did the non-addict control group. The results supported the view that sexual addiction can be explained as a means of coping with anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsiveness and interpersonal sensitivity whereas pathological gambling may be used as an anti-depressant but there is no significant relationship between that addiction and the other above-mentioned personality characteristics. 相似文献
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Morey MC Ekelund C Pearson M Crowley G Peterson M Sloane R Pieper C McConnell E Bosworth H 《Journal of aging and physical activity》2006,14(3):324-343
The authors describe a medical center-based randomized trial aimed at determining the feasibility and effectiveness of partnering patients and primary-care providers with an exercise health counselor. Study participants included 165 veterans age 70 years and older. The primary end point was change in physical activity at 3 and 6 months comparing patients receiving high-intensity physical activity counseling, attention control counseling, and usual care after receiving standardized clinic-based counseling. We noted a significant Group x Time interaction (p = .041) for physical activity frequency and a similar effect for caloric expenditure (p = .054). Participants receiving high-intensity counseling and usual care increased physical activity over the short term, but those with usual care returned to baseline by the end of the study. The intervention was well received by practitioners and patients. We conclude that partnering primary-care providers with specialized exercise counselors for age- and health-appropriate physical activity counseling is effective. 相似文献
30.
Consumers play an integral role in societal divisions of labour. Rather than simply consume, they frequently perform labour. Incorporating consumers into the division of labour poses a challenge to this foundational and enduring concept, given its traditional focus on the technical division of tasks/skills within a labour process. Yet, insofar as completion of a circuit of production, distribution, exchange and consumption is predicated on consumers undertaking work in order to/after they consume, analysis of the division of labour would be incomplete without their inclusion. This paper uses the case of household recycling to demonstrate the importance of ‘consumption work’ for the organization of the waste management industry in England. By sorting their waste, consumers initiate a new economic process, providing feedstock (such as metals, plastics and paper) which in turn creates jobs/profits within the recycling, processing and manufacturing industries. Consumers also reconfigure public and private sector responsibilities when they sort their recyclable materials from general household waste, revealing the interdependency of consumption work with labour conducted under different socio‐economic relations and across differing socio‐economic domains. This paper makes the case for a renewed conception of division of labour to account for transformations and interconnections between work of different forms within contemporary society. 相似文献