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691.
692.
Prenatal substance use, specifically opioid and excessive alcohol use, can cause significant adverse effects for the unborn foetus in both the short-and long-term. Responses by state social systems occur on a spectrum of prevention and early intervention to support mothers. Some but not all states include reporting duties, so that professionals made aware of the situation may alert agencies that can intervene to provide appropriate support. This article will review legal duties to report maternal substance use during pregnancy in the US and Australia. We identify variations in these laws regarding who is required to report, what circumstances must be reported and what indicates child abuse or neglect. Inconsistencies in laws raise questions about the nature of different approaches, and how reforms might be made to improve provision of support. Informed by the medical literature, the contemporary context and federal policy in the US, we make recommendations for reform, and for the appropriate response to such reports. 相似文献
693.
Hooi Yan See Mohd Salim Mohamed Siti Nurani Mohd Noor Wah Yun Low 《Accountability in research》2019,26(1):49-64
The review of clinical trials with human participants in Malaysia is governed by a decentralized control system. The clinical trial protocols are reviewed by 13 registered research ethics committees (RECs) in Malaysia. A governmental body, the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, is responsible for the inspection and oversight of these registered RECs to ensure that they comply with the regulatory requirements. However, this study highlights that each REC in Malaysia has a different standard operating procedure and ethical review process. Other procedural challenges identified include inadequate membership, poor mechanism for research monitoring after ethical approval, and insufficient resources. Establishments of a national standard of REC and a central ethics committee are suggested to ensure procedural compliance in the oversight of clinical trials in Malaysia. While there is a growing concern that procedural compliance may not have a direct impact on the protection of human subjects, our key point is that an ethical review system compliant with the national standards could serve as a strong framework to support and enhance the ethical quality of decision-making and judgement. We believe that being aware of how influential procedural compliance can be would help committees improve the ethical quality of their research review. 相似文献
694.
The survey aimed to capture the perceptions of undergraduate pharmacy students towards plagiarism in three major public universities in Cairo, Egypt: Helwan, Ain-Shams, and Cairo Universities. This was a paper-based self-administrated survey study. The questionnaire was validated by both content and face validation. The final survey form captured the knowledge of the students on plagiarism in terms of definitions, attitudes, and practices. Four hundred and fourteen students, 320 females and 94 males, participated in the study. There was a significant difference between the students who knew the definition of plagiarism among the three universities with p-value = .01. More than half of the participants (67%) claimed that they had no previous education or training on plagiarism. However, after being informed about plagiarism, most of them agreed that plagiarism should be regarded as stealing and a punishment. Additionally, poor study skills and the ease of copying and pasting from the Internet were identified by the majority of the students to be the leading causes of plagiarism. Pharmacy students need to be more educated on plagiarism and its consequences on research and educational ethics. Finally, more strict policies should be incorporated to monitor and control plagiarism in undergraduate sections. 相似文献
695.
Ben Babcock Peter E. L. Marks Nicki R. Crick Antonius H. N. Cillessen 《Social Development》2014,23(3):518-536
This article examines a variety of reliability issues as related to limited nomination sociometric measures. Peer nomination data were collected from 77 sixth grade classrooms. Results showed that, although some single‐item peer nomination measures were relatively reliable, many single‐item peer nomination measures using limited nominations were quite unreliable. Overt aggression nomination items were the only set of single‐item measures where mean classroom reliability estimates were .75 or greater. Combining multiple items led to substantially better reliability, as combining the two least reliable items for a category into a single measure made the composite more reliable than the most reliable single measure. Having more nominators in the sample also increased reliability. The limited nomination items overall tended to be less reliable than similar unlimited nomination items from other studies. The authors end with recommendations for obtaining the most reliable peer nomination data possible from a study. 相似文献
696.
697.
Nor Ba'yah Abdul Kadir Samsudin A. Rahim Zaidah Mustapha Mimi Hanida Abdul Mutalib Chang Peng Kee Rusyda Helma Mohamed 《Asian Social Work and Policy Review》2012,6(3):203-217
The present study is among the first to examine external assets as predictors of positive emotions among at‐risk youth. The study aims to examine the associations of external assets with positive emotions, determine external assets as a predictor of positive emotions in phase 1, and see if these predictors were consistently established in phase 2. At first contact, 403 participants from low‐income apartments in the suburbs of Kuala Lumpur, aged 13–25 years were asked to complete the 25 Developmental Assets, Malaysian version. The participants were also invited to participate in social activities organized by the PERMATA community. The same participants were approached four months later to examine the stability of measures. Multiple regression analysis revealed support is the most significant predictor of positive emotions at phase 1 whilst positive peer influence, family boundaries and caring neighborhood are the significant predictors at phase 2. Results suggested that the presence of other external assets can enhance the positive development of at‐risk youth, however, the support must be present to some extent in the first place. 相似文献
698.
叶本祥 《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2000,17(4):70-74
以文艺创作"三环论"为基础,第一次运用创作者心境"内容"的概念,对中国文人画意境与创作者心境之间的密切联系进行探讨和论证.弄清文人画意境与创作者心境之间的联系,对文人画艺术的赏析和研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
699.
邱本 《吉林大学社会科学学报》2004,(4):103-115
经济法有其社会、经济和政治基础。这种基础集中表现为各种思想主张和制度安排。就其社会基础而言核心是个人自由与社会秩序,就其经济基础而言核心是市场调节与国家干预,就其政治基础而言核心是契约自由与人权保障,而上述三者又可进一步归结为自由竞争与秩序调控。在这些基础上形成一种特定的社会关系,即市场竞争关系和宏观调控关系,它由经济法调整,进而构成经济法的基础。 相似文献
700.
水墨视觉是墨色辅之以水的渲染所形成的色调变化,这是自然界事物的本质色彩,看似无色,实为丰富.它通过空间的韵度性,时间的节奏性,表现出了民族的视觉审美心理和价值取向.通过对水墨视觉文化价值比较的机能、本质的融通、标准的诠释,以期在传承视觉传统精神的基础上求新,探究现代视觉设计之路. 相似文献