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91.
A starlike tree is a tree with exactly one vertex of degree greater than two. The spectral radius of a graph G, that is denoted by \(\lambda (G)\), is the largest eigenvalue of G. Let k and \(n_1,\ldots ,n_k\) be some positive integers. Let \(T(n_1,\ldots ,n_k)\) be the tree T (T is a path or a starlike tree) such that T has a vertex v so that \(T{\setminus } v\) is the disjoint union of the paths \(P_{n_1-1},\ldots ,P_{n_k-1}\) where every neighbor of v in T has degree one or two. Let \(P=(p_1,\ldots ,p_k)\) and \(Q=(q_1,\ldots ,q_k)\), where \(p_1\ge \cdots \ge p_k\ge 1\) and \(q_1\ge \cdots \ge q_k\ge 1\) are integer. We say P majorizes Q and let \(P\succeq _M Q\), if for every j, \(1\le j\le k\), \(\sum _{i=1}^{j}p_i\ge \sum _{i=1}^{j}q_i\), with equality if \(j=k\). In this paper we show that if P majorizes Q, that is \((p_1,\ldots ,p_k)\succeq _M(q_1,\ldots ,q_k)\), then \(\lambda (T(q_1,\ldots ,q_k))\ge \lambda (T(p_1,\ldots ,p_k))\).  相似文献   
92.
93.
Based on the strategy perspective of intellectual capital, this paper proposes an integrated framework that is practical to estimate the human, physical, and structural capitals (intellectual capital) efficiency performance, at firm level. This paper uses a dynamic network data envelopment analysis model to estimate the intellectual capital efficiency at three levels in the insurance industry over the period of 2005–2012. Within the insurance industry, deficiencies occurred in the human and structural capital stages as opposed to the physical capital stage. A further investigation indicates that total investment is the major concern for the deficiencies. Moreover, the cluster analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the insurers based on their inherently similar efficiencies. Malaysian insurance industry need to translate and promote the existing knowledge-based economy agenda lauded by the government to improve the intellectual capital efficiency, particularly at the human capital level.  相似文献   
94.
During the past decade, Saudi Arabia experienced a significant social, economic, and organizational change. The rapid economic growth created a need for seasoned management professionals and necessitated the development of human capital. Psychological capital, a newly developed construct by academics and practitioners, is defined as the extent to which an individual operates in a positive psychological state, and this state is characterized by high self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency. By measuring the positive psychological constructs, an organization can learn about employees’ positive psychological states and how training and support can promote positive psychological states. Improving the positive psychological capital can lead to better organizational commitment, favorable organizational citizenship behaviors, lower employee absenteeism, and higher job satisfaction. This quantitative study examined the relationship among psychological capital, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment through a sample of managers in the Saudi Arabian oil and petrochemical industries.  相似文献   
95.
In the multistage processes, quality of a process or a product at each stage is related to the previous stage(s). This property is referred to as a cascade property. Sometimes, quality of a process is characterized by a profile. In this paper, we consider a two-stage process with a normal quality characteristic in the first stage and a simple linear regression profile in the second stage. Then we propose two methods to monitor quality characteristics in both stages. The performance of the proposed two methods is evaluated through a numerical example in terms of average run length criterion.  相似文献   
96.
It is known that when the multicollinearity exists in the logistic regression model, variance of maximum likelihood estimator is unstable. As a remedy, Schaefer et al. presented a ridge estimator in the logistic regression model. Making use of the ridge estimator, when some linear restrictions are also present, we introduce a restricted ridge estimator in the logistic regression model. Statistical properties of this newly defined estimator will be studied and comparisons are done in the simulation study in the sense of mean squared error criterion. A real-data example and a simulation study are introduced to discuss the performance of this estimator.  相似文献   
97.
The authors investigate the factors influencing the share of equity ownership sought in cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (CBM&As). Drawing on real options theory and transaction cost economics (TCE), they address and hypothesize key factors linked to commitment under exogenous uncertainty and the separation of desired and non‐desired assets’ influence on share of equity sought by acquiring firms in CBM&As. Empirical analysis based on 1872 CBM&As undertaken by British firms in both developed and emerging economies shows that British MNEs are more likely to pursue a partial acquisition in a target foreign firm when those foreign firms are from culturally distant countries. Further, findings support the view that the high cost of separating desired assets from non‐desired assets motivates firms to make a partial acquisition rather than acquire the target completely. This is one of the first studies to use real options theory to address the cost of commitment under exogenous uncertainty, as well as TCE logic to address the separation of desired and non‐desired assets in the target firm while analysing equity ownership sought in CBM&As. Empirically, this paper contributes by examining CBM&As by British firms in both developed and emerging markets.  相似文献   
98.
ABSTRACT

To understand individuals’ financial behaviors, it is important to understand the financial knowledge gap – the distance between one’s objective and subjective financial knowledge. Overestimating one’s financial knowledge can lead to risky financial behaviors. To date, limited empirical work has examined how financial knowledge gap varies across age groups. We analyze the size and nature of the financial knowledge gap and its variation across age groups. Using nationally representative data, we find robust evidence that older adults overestimate their financial knowledge. Social workers can assess the financial knowledge gap and educate their clients to protect from financial fraud, exploitation, and abuse.  相似文献   
99.
Process capability analysis is applied to monitor the process quality. Process capability can be quantified by process capability index. These indices have wide application in quality control methods and acceptance sampling plans. In this paper, we introduce a double-sampling plan based on process capability index. In this type of scheme, under a decision rule and with the specified rejection and acceptance numbers, the second sample is selected and the decision of rejection or acceptance is made based on the information obtained from two samples. The purpose of this scheme is to reduce the average sample number in order to reduce the time and cost of sampling. A comparison study has been conducted in order to evaluate the performance of proposed method in comparison with classical single sampling plans.  相似文献   
100.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effect of back extensor strengthening exercises on health-related quality of life (QOL) in women with osteoporosis. In this randomized clinical trial, 183 women with osteoporosis were treated with pharmacotherapy and weight-bearing and balance-training exercises. The case group additionally performed back extensor exercises at home. Patients filled out the Persian version of the Short Form (SF-36) QOL questionnaire at baseline and 6 months post treatment. At the end, all physical and mental parameters of the SF-36 questionnaire improved significantly in the case group, except for one subscale of mental health, compared to the control group. In the control group, only some physical health dimensions (bodily pain, role limitation, physical function, vitality), and mental health status as a mental health subscale improved. In conclusion, considering a major impact of back extensor exercises on improving QOL in women with osteoporosis over the long term, these exercises should be prescribed in routine management of these patients.  相似文献   
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