DESPERATE TIMES CALL FOR DESPERATE MEASURES: GOVERNMENT SPENDING MULTIPLIERS IN HARD TIMES

We investigate state-dependent effects of fiscal multipliers and allow for endogenous sample splitting to determine whether the U.S. economy is in a slack state. When the endogenized slack state is estimated as the period of the unemployment rate higher than about 12%, the estimated cumulative multipliers are significantly larger during slack periods than nonslack periods and are above unity. We also examine the possibility of time-varying regimes of slackness and find that our empirical results are robust under a more flexible framework. Our estimation results point out the importance of the heterogenous effects of fiscal policy and shed light on the prospect of fiscal policy in response to economic shocks from the current COVID-19 pandemic. (JEL C32, E62, H20, H62)     

Leverage,Hand-to-Mouth Households,and Heterogeneity of the Marginal Propensity to Consume: Evidence from South Korea

Review of Economics of the Household - This study examines the link between households’ leverage, their liquid assets such as cash holdings or checking accounts, and the Marginal Propensity...     

非对称成本扰动信息非线性需求函数下的供应链契约设计

为了分析非对称的成本扰动信息对于供应链契约设计的影响,研究了当制造商的成本发生扰动并且扰动信息是非对称的情形下的零售商的最优契约设计问题。假定市场需求是关于价格的非线性函数,使用委托-代理理论,设计了非对称的成本扰动信息下的供应链最优契约菜单,并且分析了非对称的扰动信息对于供应链绩效的影响。研究结果表明,当需求为常数柔性函数或者指数函数形式时,可以设计有效的契约菜单来改善供应链的绩效;在非对称的成本扰动信息下,当生产成本扰动满足一定条件时,初始的生产计划仍然是最优的;非对称的成本扰动信息并不必然会给供应链带来利润损失。最后通过数值算例对模型的结果进行了验证。     

从成本角度分析电子政务服务集成模型

从信息集成和业务集成的角度将电子政务服务分成了4种模型,对各种模型的运作机制进行分析和比较.在进行一定简化假设的基础上,对各模型中的用户成本和政府成本等做了定量的评估分析,认为有信息集成和业务集成的电子政务服务模型最能减少用户成本和社会成本,而合理的政府业务流程重组是减少政府成本的关键.     

A lower bound for the adaptive two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem

Adaptive two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem (A2E-CVRP) proposed in this paper is a variant of the classical 2E-CVRP. Comparing to 2E-CVRP, A2E-CVRP has multiple depots and allows the vehicles to serve customers directly from the depots. Hence, it has more efficient solution and adapt to real-world environment. This paper gives a mathematical formulation for A2E-CVRP and derives a lower bound for it. The lower bound is used for deriving an upper bound subsequently, which is also an approximate solution of A2E-CVRP. Computational results on benchmark instances show that the A2E-CVRP outperforms the classical 2E-CVRP in the costs of routes.     

Communicating Conservation Status: How Different Statistical Assessment Criteria Affect Perceptions of Extinction Risk

Although alternative forms of statistical and verbal information are routinely used to convey species’ extinction risk to policymakers and the public, little is known about their effects on audience information processing and risk perceptions. To address this gap in literature, we report on an experiment that was designed to explore how perceptions of extinction risk differ as a function of five different assessment benchmarks (Criteria A–E) used by scientists to classify species within IUCN Red List risk levels (e.g., Critically Endangered, Vulnerable), as well as the role of key individual differences in these effects (e.g., rational and experiential thinking styles, environmental concern). Despite their normative equivalence within the IUCN classification system, results revealed divergent effects of specific assessment criteria: on average, describing extinction risk in terms of proportional population decline over time (Criterion A) and number of remaining individuals (Criterion D) evoked the highest level of perceived risk, whereas the single‐event probability of a species becoming extinct (Criterion E) engendered the least perceived risk. Furthermore, participants scoring high in rationality (analytic thinking) were less prone to exhibit these biases compared to those low in rationality. Our findings suggest that despite their equivalence in the eyes of scientific experts, IUCN criteria are indeed capable of engendering different levels of risk perception among lay audiences, effects that carry direct and important implications for those tasked with communicating about conservation status to diverse publics.     

基于制度基础观的市场进入模式影响因素:理论模型构建与相关研究命题的提出

近年来,制度基础观已成为战略管理的第三个重要研究支点,制度因素对企业市场进入模式的选择有重大影响.本文基于制度基础观,研究反映在管制因素、规范因素和认知因素三个维度上的制度环境对企业市场进入模式的资源承诺、控制程度和股权特征的影响,建立了制度环境与企业海外市场进入模式影响关系的理论框架,提出了研究命题,指出了研究的不足和未来研究方向.     

Validation of the Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI) in the Korean corporate context

Lack of a valid instrument to measure learning transfer predictors has been the major obstacle hindering Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals from moving forward. This problem is one of the lingering HRD issues in South Korea, in which human resources have been strategically emphasized as a critical asset due to the scarcity of natural resources. To address this issue, this study aims at testing the validity and reliability of the data collected with the Korean Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI) Version 4. A sample of 753 managers from 16 Korean industries was divided into two subsamples for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability and the effect of common method variance on the factor structure were examined, with the results suggesting that the LTSI is valid for use in the Korean industry.     

考虑成员风险态度和VaR约束时的供应链协调模型

研究了两级供应链中单供应商和单零售商具有不同的风险态度(风险规避或风险中性)时的协调问题.使用VaR量化供应链的成员对于风险的态度,利用收入分享契约协调供应链,建立了考虑供应链的成员的风险态度和VaR约束下的协调模型,给出了各种不同情形下收入分享契约参数的取值范围,并且通过一个数值算例说明了模型的求解过程.研究表明,当考虑供应链的成员的风险态度和VaR约束时,风险规避的供应商提供给零售商的批发价格可以超过生产成本,这在不考虑成员风险态度且使用收入分享契约协调供应链时不会发生;同时也发现如果供应商对待风险的态度过于保守,将会严重降低供应链的运作效率.     

组织记忆与组织遗忘对知识转移的影响——基于社会网络视角

以社会网络理论为视角,研究组织记忆与组织遗忘对组织知识转移的影响。构建组织记忆与组织遗忘角度的知识转移模型,探讨社会网络背景下,组织记忆与组织遗忘分别对知识转移效果和知识转移速度的影响。研究中发现,组织密度作为组织社会网络的特定属性会对组织记忆、组织遗忘产生影响,并间接影响组织知识转移效果和组织知识转移速度。