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31.
32.
Michael R. Elliott Nicolas Stettler 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2007,56(1):63-78
Summary. We consider the problem of obtaining population-based inference in the presence of missing data and outliers in the context of estimating the prevalence of obesity and body mass index measures from the 'Healthy for life' study. Identifying multiple outliers in a multivariate setting is problematic because of problems such as masking, in which groups of outliers inflate the covariance matrix in a fashion that prevents their identification when included, and swamping, in which outliers skew covariances in a fashion that makes non-outlying observations appear to be outliers. We develop a latent class model that assumes that each observation belongs to one of K unobserved latent classes, with each latent class having a distinct covariance matrix. We consider the latent class covariance matrix with the largest determinant to form an 'outlier class'. By separating the covariance matrix for the outliers from the covariance matrices for the remainder of the data, we avoid the problems of masking and swamping. As did Ghosh-Dastidar and Schafer, we use a multiple-imputation approach, which allows us simultaneously to conduct inference after removing cases that appear to be outliers and to promulgate uncertainty in the outlier status through the model inference. We extend the work of Ghosh-Dastidar and Schafer by embedding the outlier class in a larger mixture model, consider penalized likelihood and posterior predictive distributions to assess model choice and model fit, and develop the model in a fashion to account for the complex sample design. We also consider the repeated sampling properties of the multiple imputation removal of outliers. 相似文献
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34.
ABSTRACT In most treatments of nonparametric regression, it is assumed that the marginal density of the explanatory variables is strictly bounded away from zero and infinity. This note investigates the pointwise asymptotics for nonparametric regression when this assumption fails, that is, the marginal density of the explanatory variable has either an isolated zero or a pole at the point of interest. 相似文献
35.
Nicolas Dodier 《The Sociological review》1993,41(3):556-571
De la justification: Les économies de la grandeur, Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot L'Amour et la justice comme compétence: trois essais de sociologie de l'action, Luc Boltanski 相似文献
36.
This paper deals with a nonparametric Nadaraya–Watson (NW) estimator of the drift function computed from independent continuous observations of a diffusion process. Risk bounds on the estimator and its discrete-time approximation are established. The paper also deals with extensions of the PCO and leave-one-out cross-validation bandwidth selection methods for our NW estimator. Finally, some numerical experiments are provided. 相似文献
37.
38.
Nicolas Sirven Brigitte Santos-Eggimann Jacques Spagnoli 《Social indicators research》2012,105(2):255-271
The aim of this paper is to measure and to correct for the potential incomparability of responses to the SHARE survey on health
care responsiveness. A parametric approach based on the use of anchoring vignettes is applied to cross-sectional data (2006–2007)
in eleven European countries. More than 7,000 respondents aged 50 years old and over were asked to assess the quality of health
care responsiveness in three domains: waiting time for medical treatment, quality of the conditions in visited health facilities,
and communication and involvement in decisions about the treatment. Our results suggest that there is reporting heterogeneity
across countries and across individuals within countries, and the degree of heterogeneity varies with the health care domain.
Although leading countries in terms of health care responsiveness remain among the most successful even after correction for
reporting heterogeneity, one may acknowledge many shifts in the ranking of the other countries. 相似文献
39.
Nicolas Houy 《Theory and Decision》2011,70(4):501-509
We give some characterizations for both the untrapped set and the top cycle choice functions. We link these characterizations
with the well-known characterization of the maximal elements choice function. Our characterizations strongly rely on the notion
of “two-tier domination”. 相似文献
40.
Because of their multimodality, mixture posterior distributions are difficult to sample with standard Markov chain Monte Carlo
(MCMC) methods. We propose a strategy to enhance the sampling of MCMC in this context, using a biasing procedure which originates
from computational Statistical Physics. The principle is first to choose a “reaction coordinate”, that is, a “direction” in
which the target distribution is multimodal. In a second step, the marginal log-density of the reaction coordinate with respect
to the posterior distribution is estimated; minus this quantity is called “free energy” in the computational Statistical Physics
literature. To this end, we use adaptive biasing Markov chain algorithms which adapt their targeted invariant distribution
on the fly, in order to overcome sampling barriers along the chosen reaction coordinate. Finally, we perform an importance
sampling step in order to remove the bias and recover the true posterior. The efficiency factor of the importance sampling
step can easily be estimated a priori once the bias is known, and appears to be rather large for the test cases we considered. 相似文献