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981.
James J. Cochran Martin S. Levy Jeffrey D. Camm 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2010,19(2):158-173
Finding a subset collection that provides optimal population coverage is a frequently encountered deterministic problem. A random
sample is often used to formulate the optimal coverage (OC) model, which is then used to select the subsets that provide the
estimated optimal population coverage. Such problems are ubiquitous and occur in both the public and private sectors; examples include
media selection, placement of municipal services such as sirens and waste dumps, and reserve site selection. Conceptualizing
sample elements as counts in a contingency table, we show how decision-makers can combine prior information with sample data
to help formulate OC models. We consider conjugate and vague priors with classical and empirical Bayesian interpretations.
We show that the predictive approach yields a common marketing exposure model that has previously been justified empirically.
Finally, we demonstrate the potential importance of our results on problems generated from a well-known example from the literature. 相似文献
982.
Prof. Dr. G��nter F. M��ller Dr. Martin Sauerland Dipl.-Psych. Bianca Butzmann 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2011,42(4):377-390
In this article, an empirical study on super-leadership is documented. Based on the self-leadership approach a questionnaire was developed to evaluate super-leadership. 175 employees from various branches have participated to this study. Explorative factor analysis revealed two dimensions of super-leadership which could be interpreted as ??coaching and communicative support?? and ??promoting autonomy and self-responsibility??. Further data analysis showed positive correlations between super-leadership and perceived leadership effectiveness. Partly depending on the degree of organizational decentralization, positive correlations were also found between super-leadership and overall job satisfaction. Implications for research and potential applications will be discussed. 相似文献
983.
984.
Martin A. Andresen 《Social science research》2012,41(6):1615-1628
Twenty-five years ago, David Cantor and Kenneth Land presented a model of the relationship between unemployment and crime. This model showed the complexity of this seemingly simple relationship. Namely, there are two independent and counteracting effects from unemployment that affect crime: motivation and guardianship. In their analysis, Cantor and Land found that the guardianship effect dominates the motivation effect, but subsequent research has questioned this result. In this paper, the unemployment and crime relationship is tested using a neighborhood level hybrid modeling approach. Such a method allows for the nuances of Cantor and Land’s model to be tested at a fine ecological resolution for the first time. It is found that both motivation and guardianship matter for crime, but at different time frames: motivation matters in the long-run whereas guardianship matters in the short-run, similar to what Cantor and Land hypothesized. 相似文献
985.
In Amartya Sen's capability approach, policy makers can focus on different levels to influence the well-being of a society. A dimension that is usually neglected is improving individuals’ “conversion efficiency”, i.e. the efficiency with which individual resources are converted into well-being. To examine effects of policies on (the development of) this measure we suggest an intertemporal index of conversion efficiency estimated via a nonparametric order-m approach. The approach is exemplified using data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) from 1991 to 2006. We find that over this time horizon between 24% and 29% of individuals were efficient in their conversion of resources into well-being. Moreover, age and self-employment increase an individual's conversion efficiency, while living in London, being disabled and being separated, divorced or widowed all decrease conversion efficiency. Being married also decreases the conversion efficiency and we find few evidence of gender disparities in conversion efficiency. 相似文献
986.
987.
A. Lynn Martin 《Social history》2013,38(1):101-102
Michael Zell, Industry in the Countryside: Wealden Society in the Sixteenth Century (1994), xiv + 257 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £35.00). Phyllis Mack, Visionary Women. Ecstatic Prophecy in Seventeenth‐Century England (1993), xv + 465 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $40.00). Amy Louise Erickson, Women and Property in Early Modern England (1993), xiv + 306 (Routledge, £40.00). Christopher L. Tomlins, Law, Labor, and Ideology in the Early American Republic (1993), xviii + 406 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £42.50, paperback £14.95). F. Murray Greenwood, Legacies of Fear: Lawand Politics in Quebec in the Era of the French Revolution (1993), xvi + 359 (Osgoode Society/University of Toronto Press, Toronto, n.p.). Roger Scola, Feeding the Victorian City. The Food Supply of Manchester, 1770–1870 (1992), xx+ 347 (Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York, £35.00). J. Frankel and S. Zipperstein (eds), Assimilation and Community. The Jews in Nineteenth'Century Europe (1992), xii + 384 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £35.00). Roger Magraw, A History of the French Working Class, vol. 1, The Age of the Artisan Republic 1815–71, vol. 2, Workers and the Bourgeois Republic 1871–1939 (1992), xi + 301 and vi + 330 (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, £40.00 each). Rajnarayan Chandavarkar, The Origins of Industrial Capitalism in India: Business Strategies and the Working Classes in Bombay 1900–1940 (1994), xvii + 468 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £40.00). Chris Wrigley (ed.), Challenges of Labour: Central and Western Europe igiy‐igzo (1993), x + 300 (Routledge, £40.00). 相似文献
988.
Danielle R. Bouchard Lisa Soucy Martin Sénéchal Isabelle J. Dionne 《Journal of women & aging》2013,25(1):34-46
The aim of this study was to determine if objective and self-reported measures of physical capacity are two equivalent methods to detect changes following an intervention in obese older women. 36 obese women aged between 55 and 75 years participated in a 3-month study with the aim of improving physical capacity by caloric restriction and/or resistance training. Physical capacity was measured objectively with 10 different tests and self-reported with the SF-36 physical functioning score (SF-36 PF score). Then the performance-to-objective tests were computed using quartiles to provide a baseline global physical capacity score. The mean percentage of change of the 10 tests as well as the SF-36 PF score were also calculated after the study. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray (DXA) absorptiometry. The baseline global physical capacity score and the SF-36 PF score were significantly correlated at baseline (r = 0.43; P < 0.01). Eight out of the 10 objective tests of physical capacity improved after the intervention, while no improvement was observed for the SF-36 PF score. On average, percentage of change in physical capacity was 4.1 ± 5.9% for the SF-36 PF score and 11.1 ± 2.9% for the objective measures. However, no significant correlation was observed between percentage of changes between the two approaches after the intervention (r = 0.32; P = 0.07). Based on these results, the method used to quantify physical capacity after an intervention may have major implications on the outcomes. The methods used should be carefully analyzed in regard to the objective of the study. 相似文献
989.
Traditional production control systems based on the manufacturing resource planning concept do not sufficiently support the planner in solving capacity problems, ignore capacity constraints and assume that lead times are fixed. This leads to problems on the shop floor, that cannot be resolved in the short term. This paper focuses on solving these capacity problems by improving capacity planning at the material requirements planning MRP level through integration of MRP and finite capacity planning. This results in a planning method for simultaneous capacity and material planning. The planning method is based on a new and more accurate primary process model, giving the planning algorithm more flexibility in solving capacity problems. The algorithm is based on advanced scheduling techniques and uses aggregated information, thus combining speed and accuracy. The algorithm is designed to use the available flexibility: alternative routeings, safety stock, and replanning of production orders and requirements. This paper also discusses such related issues as robustness, memory and the role of the human planner. 相似文献
990.