Translation Formulae for Non-repeatable Events

China's one-per-hundred population survey, conducted in mid-1987, provides the first nation-level data with which to study recent fertility change in China. Using a recently developed extension of the ‘own-children’ method of fertility estimation, period parity progression ratios are computed from the survey data. Comparison with similar statistics computed from the 1982 one-per-thousand fertility survey provides a rigorous check on the quality of the results. The level of fertility so measured rose by 13 per cent between 1985 and 1987, compared with an increase of eight per cent in conventional total fertility ratios. Nearly 90 per cent of the increase was due to rising levels of progression from first to second birth. There can be little doubt that this, in turn, was due to a relaxation in the one-child family policy. Overall levels of progression to births of higher orders have been declining since 1982, but the evidence suggests that this is so only because of stringent government efforts to control births of third and higher orders.     

Going It Alone: Post-9/11 Veteran Nonuse of Healthcare and Social Service Programs During Their Early Transition to Civilian Life

Transitioning from military to civilian life is challenging for a substantial number of veterans. Successful transitions require veterans to function well in various well-being domains including employment, education, financial, health, and social relationships. There are many programs and services designed to assist veterans transition to civilian life. However, veterans rarely avail themselves of supportive resources. This study examined veteran nonuse of programs and services within the first three months of their transition to civilian life. Results revealed that male veterans often reported that they did not need programs. Female veterans and veterans from the lowest enlisted ranks were more likely to report that they did not know if they were eligible for support programs. A small percentage of veterans indicated they had not found the right program or did not know where to go to get help. Veterans need clear information about available programs, eligibility requirements, where to locate them, and how to identify which programs will benefit them. Future research should focus on what predicts veteran use of programs and services, how use changes over time, and how programs and services should be advertised/marketed to different veteran populations, particularly those at risk for poor transition outcomes.     

Career Decisions From the Decider's Perspective

The authors used a phenomenological research method to investigate the career decision‐making experiences of 17 employed adults. Thematic results from interview data analysis were organized within 3 overarching themes: decisions centered on relational life, decisions centered on personal meaning, and decisions centered on economic realities. Study results supported and extended contentions that career decisions are embedded in relational life and have contextual meaning. Belonging and the potential for meaningful engagement were integral to career decisions. Implications for the role of career counselors and career counseling are discussed. Recommendations for counseling that facilitates the consideration of belonging and personal meaning in career decisions are offered.     

Tables to facilitate fitting lu distributions

This paper is concerned with estimating the parameters of Tadikamalla-Johnson's L_Udistributions based on the method of moments. Tables of the parameters of the L_U distribution are given for selected values of skewness (0.0(0.05) 1.0(0.1)2.0) and for twenty values of kurtosis at intervals of 0.2. The construction and use of these tables is explained with a numerical example.     

The proportional hazards model: applications in epidemiology

Cox's (1972) Proportioal hazards failure time model, already widely used in the analysis of clinical trials, also provides an elegant formalization of the epidemiologic concept of relative risk. When used to compare the disease experience of a study cohort with that of an external control population, it generalizes the notions of the standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) and the proportional morbidity ratio (PMR). For studies in which matched sets of cases and controls are sampled retrospectively from the population at risk, the model provides a flexible tool for the regression analysis of multiple risk factors.     

Actual rejection levels in a certain stepwise test

Continuing me work of Draper, Guttman and Kanemasu (1971) we obtain the appropriate distribution and evaluate some actual probability levels tor entry of variables in stepwise regression when the denominator of the F-statistic is a biased estimate of the residual variance and there are two possible entry candidates.     

Percentage points and power calculations for outlier tests in a regression situation

The usefulness of an extra sum of squares statistics Q_K for detecting K outliers has been discussed previously in the context of two-way tables. (See Gentleman and Wilk, 1975a, 1975b; John and Draper 1978; and Draper and John, 1980,) That work is extended here to straight line regression situations arising from, and motivated by, a specific set of research data. Percentage points for the appropriate test statistics are obtained by simulation, and approximations for these percentage points are suggested. Power calculations made for various designs and outlier situations are briefly summarized.     

Ecological Community Structure Analyses in the Formulation,Implementation, and Enforcement of Law and Policy

Most of what is currently known about ecosystems derives from two sources: comprehensive studies by classical ecologists and economically motivated studies by resource specialists. The former have traditionally concentrated on natural or long-undisturbed ecosystems, the latter on those few species in managed or polluted ecosystems that are harvested, hunted, or fished. A recent genre of legislation, drafted with insight provided by the scientific community, recognizes the dearth of ecological information on managed or polluted communities (which are becoming far more ubiquitous and important) and dramatically raises the requirements for comprehensive data and data analyses to guide managerial and pollution abatement policies. This paper describes several important current efforts to use ecological community structure analyses to implement and enforce such legislation and some effects of such analyses on environmental policy.