从《死亡诗社》看自由发散式教学对学生的影响

本文通过对《死亡诗社》中托德这一人物形象的分析，阐述自由发散式教学对学生产生的影响.     

从普遍经济到普遍历史——论巴塔耶普遍经济学视野中的世界历史形态

巴塔耶一直试图从自己的普遍经济学的理论出发,建构出一套世界的普遍历史.本文首先对巴塔耶普遍经济学的含义和法则进行了解读,然后对其在此背景下所描述的各种社会形态进行了分析,从而概括了他所建立的普遍历史的形态.     

Suzi and Mr. S.: Gender role stereotyping in social workers' court reports in custody and access cases.

This paper analyzes the “gender strategies” of a sample of Israeli women social workers as evidenced in the recommendations that they write for the courts on custody and visiting rights for divorcing couples. Textual analysis of these reports reveals what Hochchild terms a “traditional gender strategy,” manifested in a consistent pattern of gender stereotyping. There are clear differences in the way the social workers present the husband and wife as persons, both separately and in relation to one another, and in the roles that they expect them to fulfill, with the man being assigned the provider role and the woman the parent role. Even the way they collect information about the two parents' relationships with their children is different. The paper concludes with a discussion of the practical implications of the findings.     

A Bayesian Evidence Synthesis for Estimating Campylobacteriosis Prevalence

Stakeholders making decisions in public health and world trade need improved estimations of the burden‐of‐illness of foodborne infectious diseases. In this article, we propose a Bayesian meta‐analysis or more precisely a Bayesian evidence synthesis to assess the burden‐of‐illness of campylobacteriosis in France. Using this case study, we investigate campylobacteriosis prevalence, as well as the probabilities of different events that guide the disease pathway, by (i) employing a Bayesian approach on French and foreign human studies (from active surveillance systems, laboratory surveys, physician surveys, epidemiological surveys, and so on) through the chain of events that occur during an episode of illness and (ii) including expert knowledge about this chain of events. We split the target population using an exhaustive and exclusive partition based on health status and the level of disease investigation. We assume an approximate multinomial model over this population partition. Thereby, each observed data set related to the partition brings information on the parameters of the multinomial model, improving burden‐of‐illness parameter estimates that can be deduced from the parameters of the basic multinomial model. This multinomial model serves as a core model to perform a Bayesian evidence synthesis. Expert knowledge is introduced by way of pseudo‐data. The result is a global estimation of the burden‐of‐illness parameters with their accompanying uncertainty.     

江南城市的导游指南与生活变化(1912-1949)

民国建立后,以太湖平原为核心的江南地区,城镇乡村都产生了许多变化.除了原来的省府州县城市被重新整合外,旧有城市的城墙沟濠开始被拆毁填平,构筑了不少新式的马路.在上海、苏州、镇江、杭州这样辟有租界的地方,现代化的生活方式及设施,如电灯、电话、自来水等,很早就有,并开始波及普通城市.城市内部的空间状态被重新调整,而新式交通方式如火车、汽车、火轮等的推行,又进一步促进了这种变化,对人们的时间安排与生活休闲方式有很大的触动.以上海、苏州、杭州等城市为代表的一些城市导游指南大童出片丘,这些导游指南性的东西,充分反映各个城市在公共管理、经济产业、休闲生活、马路景观、交通方式等方面的新变化,也体现了这些城市在"现代化"方面的不同程度及状态.     

福建旅游网站翻译现状的生态翻译学审视

作为外宣的重要渠道,旅游网站的翻译对旅游业的发展起到非常重要的作用,然而福建省旅游网站的翻译质量却不尽如人意。从生态翻译学角度分析福建旅游网站翻译中存在的误译现象并探索导致旅游网站翻译质量不高的问题所在,指出旅游网站的翻译质量制约着旅游业的发展,而旅游网站翻译质量的提高取决于整个翻译生态环境包括教育、市场和管理监督系统的和谐平衡。     

A comparison of test statistics for the recovery of rapid growth‐based enumeration tests

This paper considers five test statistics for comparing the recovery of a rapid growth‐based enumeration test with respect to the compendial microbiological method using a specific nonserial dilution experiment. The finite sample distributions of these test statistics are unknown, because they are functions of correlated count data. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the type I and type II error rates. For a balanced experimental design, the likelihood ratio test and the main effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for microbiological methods demonstrated nominal values for the type I error rate and provided the highest power compared with a test on weighted averages and two other ANOVA tests. The likelihood ratio test is preferred because it can also be used for unbalanced designs. It is demonstrated that an increase in power can only be achieved by an increase in the spiked number of organisms used in the experiment. The power is surprisingly not affected by the number of dilutions or the number of test samples. A real case study is provided to illustrate the theory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

唐代古文名家独孤及的诗歌创作

独孤及是唐代古文运动的先驱之一。他的散文在当时享有盛名,诗歌并没有引起人们广泛地关注;但在后世评论家的眼中,独孤及的诗歌仍有可取之处,特别是其诗歌中的散文化倾向,可以看作是从杜甫到韩愈之间的一个过渡,他对于推动诗歌革新起到了积极的作用。