NON-SYMMETRICAL CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS WITH CONCATENATION AND LINEAR CONSTRAINTS

Correspondence analysis is a popular statistical technique used to identify graphically the presence, and structure, of association between two or more cross-classified categorical variables. Such a procedure is very useful when it is known that there is a symmetric (two-way) relationship between the variables. When such a relationship is known not to exist, non-symmetrical correspondence analysis is more appropriate as a method of establishing the source of association. This paper highlights some tools that can be used to explore the behaviour of asymmetric categorical variables. These tools consist of confidence regions, the link between non-symmetrical correspondence analysis and the analysis of variance of categorical variables, and the effect of imposing linear constraints. We also explore the application of non-symmetrical correspondence analysis to three-way contingency tables.     

Conditional inference under simultaneous stochastic ordering constraints

Testing for stochastic ordering is of considerable importance when increasing does of a treatment are being compared, but in applications involving multivariate responses has received much less attention. We propose a permutation test for testing against multivariate stochastic ordering. This test is distribution-free and no assumption is made about the dependence relations among variables. A comparative simulation study shows that the proposed solution exhibits a good overall performance when compared with existing tests that can be used for the same problem.     

Correspondence Analysis of Cumulative Frequencies Using a Decomposition of Taguchi's Statistic

Taguchi's statistic has long been known to be a more appropriate measure of association for ordinal variables than the Pearson chi-squared statistic. Therefore, there is some advantage in using Taguchi's statistic for performing correspondence analysis when a two-way contingency table consists of one ordinal categorical variable. This article will explore the development of correspondence analysis using a decomposition of Taguchi's statistic.     

The Vernacular Life of the Street: Ratsitatanina and Indian Ocean Créolité1

The record of an alleged conspiracy of Madagascar-born slaves and apprentices in Mauritius during 1822 offers a useful vantage onto the vernacular life of the street in the colonial Mascarene islands of the western Indian Ocean. This article examines details of the alleged conspiracy to propose that Ratsitatanina, the accused ringleader, neither planned nor participated in a servile revolt. A close reading of the trial record, however, suggests that the Malagasy language was widely spoken in Mauritius in 1822 and that Malagasy speakers maintained communities in Mascarene diaspora through frequent encounters and vernacular exchanges along urban byways. Together with colonial censuses, these documents challenge scholars to rethink the timing and nature of creolisation in the French slave islands of the western Indian Ocean. Multilingualism and cultural heterogeneity were more salient features of colonial human landscapes during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries than commonly admitted in prevalent models of Indian Ocean créolité. This article proposes a dynamic model of creolisation for the Indian Ocean islands that emphasises the cultural and linguistic agility of subaltern colonial populations.