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71.
Summary This paper looks at a new approach to the problem of finding the maximal tolerated dose (or optimal dose, Eichhorn and Zacks,
1973) of certain drugs which in addition to their therapeutic effects have secondary harmful effects.
The problem is investigated in a sequential setting from a Bayesian predictive approach. Search procedures are proposed for
parametric and nonparametric models. 相似文献
72.
The evaluation of income distributions is usually based on the Pigou-Dalton (PD) principle which says that a transfer from any people to people who have less decreases economic inequality, i.e., increases the social evaluation index. We introduce two weaker principles of transfers which refer to a parameter θ. With the new principles, only those PD transfers increase the social evaluation index which take from the class of incomes above θ and give to the class below θ. The relative positions of individuals remain unchanged, and either no individual may cross the line θ (principle of transfers about θ) or some may do who have been situated next to it (starshaped principle of transfers at θ). θ may be a given constant, a function of mean income, or a quantile of the income distribution. The classes of indices which are consistent with these transfers are completely characterized, and examples are given. 相似文献
73.
When data sets are multilevel (group nesting or repeated measures), different sources of variations must be identified. In the framework of unsupervised analyses, multilevel simultaneous component analysis (MSCA) has recently been proposed as the most satisfactory option for analyzing multilevel data. MSCA estimates submodels for the different levels in data and thereby separates the “within”-subject and “between”-subject variations in the variables. Following the principles of MSCA and the strategy of decomposing the available data matrix into orthogonal blocks, and taking into account the between- and the within data structures, we generalize, in a multilevel perspective, multivariate models in which a matrix of response variables can be used to guide the projections (formed by responses predicted by explanatory variables or by a limited number of their combinations/composites) into choices of meaningful directions. To this end, the current paper proposes the multilevel version of the multivariate regression model and dimensionality-reduction methods (used to predict responses with fewer linear composites of explanatory variables). The principle findings of the study are that the minimization of the loss functions related to multivariate regression, principal-component regression, reduced-rank regression, and canonical-correlation regression are equivalent to the separate minimization of the sum of two separate loss functions corresponding to the between and within structures, under some constraints. The paper closes with a case study of an application focusing on the relationships between mental health severity and the intensity of care in the Lombardy region mental health system. 相似文献
74.
Pietro Garibaldi 《LABOUR》2000,14(2):185-212
This paper measures the relation between job flows and establishment size, applying econometric techniques best suited for analyzing the long‐run dynamics of large cross‐section. Using a balanced panel from the Mexican manufacturing sector, it shows that, in line with existing evidence, initially small firms create proportionally more jobs than large firms. Since these results suffer from regression toward the mean, the paper applies an alternative technique and does not find any long‐run tendency of small establishments converging toward the mean. Furthermore, it shows how cross‐sectional dynamics across industries varies, and how it is linked to gross and net flows in each sector. Convergence to the mean is observed in relatively stable industries, with asymmetric dynamic behavior between expanding and declining industries. 相似文献