论多民族国家民族问题的治理

随着民族国家的建立并扩张",民族"概念逐渐凸显并成为重要的认识工具。而"民族"概念被作为描述和分析工具广泛使用后,民族群体也从最初的取得国家形式的人群共同体扩展到多样性的历史文化共同体。在原初民族国家影响下,那些存在着多个历史文化群体的国家也将各个民族群体整合为统一的国族而构建民族国家。于是,一大批民族构成复杂的多民族国家出现了。对于这样的国家来说,民族问题不仅长期存在,而且对国家政治共同体造成了深刻的影响,甚至直接影响到多民族国家政治共同体的存续。但迄今为止的历史都表明,多民族国家无法将民族问题"解决"掉。因此,将其置于国家治理的视野中,探讨多民族国家民族问题有效治理之道,就成为不可回避的选择。     

关于网络语言的几点限定

近些年来,网络语言研究在取得丰硕成果的同时,也出现了概念模糊不清的现象,影响了网络语言的研究方向。立足于语言学的角度,对网络语言进行重新界定。根据对网络语言内涵与外延的阐释,将网络语言的定义内容由狭义的网络会话用语扩展为应包括网络编程语言和网络专业术语在内的广义网络语言。对狭义网络语言的语汇,从内容和形式两方面进行了严格的分析：确定数字词、字母词、混合体词、记音词为形式方面的典型网络语汇,旧词新义词、表明新事物的词为内容方面的典型网络语汇,着重分析了语汇的来源;将不是语言的网络表情符号排除在网络语言之外。     

Understanding lifetime homeless duration: investigating wave 1 findings from the Journeys Home project

The variation in the amount of time people remain homeless has important policy implications with respect to reducing long‐term homelessness and designing more effective early intervention approaches. This paper examines the factors that influence lifetime homeless duration in Australia using data from the first wave of Journeys Home, a new national survey of individuals exposed to high levels of housing insecurity that employs more rigorous sampling methods than previously used. Those at increased risk of long durations of homelessness over their lifetimes include people who had less family support in childhood, shorter work histories and lower education levels. We also find evidence supporting the idea that people who first experience homelessness at a young age are more likely to experience persistent homelessness.     

Thoughts on Innovation in Mainstream Ideology Research

主流意识形态与中国哲学社会科学创新体系具有紧密的联系, 创新主流意识形态 研究方式, 既是当代中国一个重要的理论与现实命题, 亦是中国哲学社会科学创新体 系的前提。创新中国主流意识形态研究方式, 有三个重要的维度: 一是从文明格局的 高度创新主流意识形态研究方式, 把握主流意识形态的历史连续性与文化特性, 反对 历史虚无主义和历史复古主义; 二是以包容并蓄的方式拓展、丰富主流意识形态研究 的视角与内容, 在研究创新中优化主导地位, 克服居高临下的意识形态傲慢和无力失 语的意识形态虚弱症状; 三是秉承开放学习的心态对国外主流意识形态进行比较研 究, 在借鉴交流中维护我国的主流意识形态安全, 克服封闭自语和盲目崇外的意识形 态研究套路, 创造无愧于时代的意识形态新文化。

关键词: 主流意识形态 哲学社会科学创新 意识形态安全

Mainstream ideology is closely related with the innovation system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Innovation in mainstream ideology research is of theoretical and practical significance to contemporary China, and constitutes a precondition for the establishment of an innovation system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Innovation in mainstream ideology research involves three important aspects. First, we should innovate mainstream ideology research in terms of the pattern of civilizations, that is, to grasp the historical continuity and cultural identity of mainstream ideology and oppose historical nihilism and revivalism. Second, we should adopt an inclusive approach to mainstream ideology research to bring in different perspectives and enrich the content of research, and to optimize its guiding role and overcome both ideological arrogance and ideological aphasia. And third, we must be open-minded in carrying out a comparative analysis of mainstream ideologies of other countries. In exchanges with and learning from other countries, we should protect the safety of mainstream Chinese ideology and avoid both self-contained isolationism and a blind worship of foreign things. In this way, we can develop a new ideological culture that is worthy of our times.     

手机支付商业模式浅析

总结了手机支付典型的四种商业模式,并详细研究了国内运营商中国移动和中国联通的手机支付业务商业模式;从运营商的角度研究各种商业模式的利弊,对国内运营商在开展手机支付业务时具有指导意义。     

政府网站绩效的模糊综合评价

对政府网站进行评价是对电子政务建设总体评估的最基本和最重要的组成部分。文章从政府网站绩效评价的特点出发,采用模糊综合评价方法,构建了政府网站评价的多层次多目标评价模型,并能以定量的数值表示评定结果,能比较完整地反映政府网站的综合水平。     

China's demographic dilemmas

The year 2000 marks the end of a tumultuous century in China's population history, which weathered the demographic effects of devastating famines, wars, and epidemics and population growth and change. This paper examines the effect of population policies on the demographic dilemmas of China. In the 1950s, China had seen the fastest demographic transition in history, with a dramatic decline in mortality rates, followed by a decrease in fertility rates. However, in the 1970s, revisions in population control measures, changes in age structure, and fluctuations in age at marriage resulted in lower fertility rates. The struggles encountered by China in regulating fertility are described; these include the different methods of birth control, gender preference, marriage, population aging, and minority populations. Population and development issues within the context of urbanization, employment, education, health care, economy, and environment are also discussed. Future implications of these findings indicate the need for a systematic, effective, and complete environmental clean-up, as well as fertility and population policies.     

论人口的聚焦效应

本文认为人口聚集有五大主要效益———分工深化效应、学习激励效应、低成本效应、高生活质量效应和文明发展效应;这些效应促进了社会经济的发展和繁荣;当我们就如何实现人口的聚集,提出几点措施;此外本文还就人口聚集有关的问题提出了自己的观点。     

儿童照料与二孩生育意愿 ——来自上海的证据

本文围绕一项针对上海市育龄女性的生育意愿调查,分别使用二分和有序Logit方法分析儿童照顾对上海市育龄女性的二孩生育意愿的影响。研究发现当育龄女性能够从家庭内和社会中获得更多孩子照料的时间支持时,她们有更高的二孩生育意愿,也会伴有更明确的二孩生育规划;双独家庭能够从父辈获得更多的经济、时间上的帮助,因此他们要比单独家庭和双非家庭更愿意再生一个孩子;居住于上海市城区的女性从某种程度上更易获得孩子的照料资源,有更多的优质教育资源可供选择,因此她们的二孩生育意愿高于居住于郊区的女性。此外,本文通过是否采用了避孕措施对二孩生育的意愿程度做了进一步区分,结果发现当第一个孩子主要是由孩子父母承担照料工作的时候,女性存在二孩生育意愿的程度是最低的,祖辈照料对二孩生育意愿程度的积极影响也明显低于社会性照料,此现象在上海市户籍的女性中体现尤为明显。最后为纠正自选择偏差问题,本文使用倾向值匹配方法(PSM)进一步验证了与首孩性别相比,首孩的抚养成本与接受照料情况显然对二孩生育意愿的影响程度更大。因此,本文认为加大公共托育服务的供给、为育龄女性提供高质量的0-3岁婴幼儿社会照料支持是提高二孩生育意愿的最有效政策。     

Demographic change and response: Social context and the practice of birth control in six countries

This paper expands on Kingsley Davis’s demographic thesis of change and response. Specifically, we consider the social context that accounts for the primacy of particular birth control methods that bring about fertility change during specific time periods. We examine the relevance of state policy (including national family planning programs), the international population establishment, the medical profession, organized religion, and women’s groups using case studies from Japan, Russia, Puerto Rico, China, India, and Cameroon. Some of these countries are undergoing the second demographic transition, others the first. Despite variations in context, heavy reliance on sterilization and/or, abortion as a means of birth control is a major response in most of these countries. The key roles of the medical profession and state policy are discussed, along with the general lack of influence of religion and of women’s groups in these countries.