全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9489篇 |
免费 | 234篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 1412篇 |
民族学 | 52篇 |
人才学 | 1篇 |
人口学 | 953篇 |
丛书文集 | 28篇 |
理论方法论 | 752篇 |
综合类 | 134篇 |
社会学 | 4077篇 |
统计学 | 2314篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 57篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 185篇 |
2019年 | 247篇 |
2018年 | 347篇 |
2017年 | 399篇 |
2016年 | 301篇 |
2015年 | 184篇 |
2014年 | 282篇 |
2013年 | 1575篇 |
2012年 | 349篇 |
2011年 | 302篇 |
2010年 | 236篇 |
2009年 | 225篇 |
2008年 | 193篇 |
2007年 | 221篇 |
2006年 | 197篇 |
2005年 | 193篇 |
2004年 | 173篇 |
2003年 | 162篇 |
2002年 | 170篇 |
2001年 | 215篇 |
2000年 | 202篇 |
1999年 | 183篇 |
1998年 | 143篇 |
1997年 | 137篇 |
1996年 | 139篇 |
1995年 | 117篇 |
1994年 | 109篇 |
1993年 | 99篇 |
1992年 | 150篇 |
1991年 | 123篇 |
1990年 | 118篇 |
1989年 | 112篇 |
1988年 | 99篇 |
1987年 | 93篇 |
1986年 | 96篇 |
1985年 | 111篇 |
1984年 | 114篇 |
1983年 | 125篇 |
1982年 | 98篇 |
1981年 | 88篇 |
1980年 | 86篇 |
1979年 | 95篇 |
1978年 | 92篇 |
1977年 | 80篇 |
1976年 | 67篇 |
1975年 | 68篇 |
1974年 | 59篇 |
1973年 | 59篇 |
排序方式: 共有9723条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
321.
The main objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of confidence intervals, built using the deviance statistic, for the hyperparameters of state space models. The first procedure is a marginal approximation to confidence regions, based on the likelihood test, and the second one is based on the signed root deviance profile. Those methods are computationally efficient and are not affected by problems such as intervals with limits outside the parameter space, which can be the case when the focus is on the variances of the errors. The procedures are compared to the usual approaches existing in the literature, which includes the method based on the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator, as well as bootstrap confidence intervals. The comparison is performed via a Monte Carlo study, in order to establish empirically the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The results show that the methods based on the deviance statistic possess a better coverage rate than the asymptotic and bootstrap procedures. 相似文献
322.
Adeline Wyman Battalen Rachel H. Farr David M. Brodzinsky Ruth G. McRoy 《Journal of GLBT Family Studies》2019,15(3):235-255
Despite increasing numbers of lesbian- and gay- (LG-) parent families, little research on LG-adoptive-parent families has examined parental beliefs and perceptions related to discussing their sexual minority status with their children. This study assessed 266 LG adoptive parents (160 lesbian mothers, 106 gay fathers) from the Modern Adoptive Families (MAF) study, a nationwide survey (2012–2013) of adoptive parents' pre- and post-placement experiences. A cultural socialization lens provided the framework for examining LG parenting beliefs and practices. Two measurement scales were developed to examine parents' perceptions and self-efficacy related to socializing their child about being in a sexual-minority-parent family. Results indicate that LG parents endorse the importance of unique socialization practices and generally feel confident engaging in these practices. Parent education, transracial adoption, endorsement of racial socialization, and socialization self-efficacy were positively associated with endorsement of socialization practices. Excellent reliability suggests the 2 scales have the potential of being psychometrically sound instruments with which to measure parental endorsement and related self-efficacy of socialization practices for families headed by sexual minority parents. Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of socialization and communication patterns in LG-headed families, especially those formed through adoption. Research, policy, and practice implications are discussed. 相似文献
323.
Jennie G. Noll Kate Guastaferro Sarah J. Beal Hannah M. C. Schreier Jaclyn Barnes Jonathan M. Reader Sarah A. Font 《Journal of research on adolescence》2019,29(4):967-983
This study tested sexual abuse as a unique predictor of subsequent adolescent sexual behaviors, pregnancy, and motherhood when in company with other types of maltreatment (physical abuse, neglect) and alternative behavioral, family, and contextual risk factors in a prospective, longitudinal study of maltreated (n = 275) and comparison (n = 239) nulliparous females aged 14–19 years old assessed annually through 19 years old. Hierarchical regression was used to disentangle risk factors that account for the associations of maltreatment type on risky sexual behaviors at 19 years old, adolescent pregnancy, and adolescent motherhood. Findings indicate that sexual and physical abuse remain significant predictors of risky sexual behaviors, and that sexual abuse remains a significant predictor of adolescent motherhood when alternative explanatory variables are controlled. 相似文献
324.
Serra Sónia R. Q. Calapez Ana Raquel Simões Nuno Eduardo Sá Marques José A. A. Laranjo Maria Feio Maria João 《Urban Ecosystems》2019,22(6):1173-1186
Urban Ecosystems - Urban streams provide important ecosystem services to cities’ population, from the maintenance of urban biodiversity, temperature, humidity and air quality to improving... 相似文献
325.
Silvia Patricia Cury Andrés Arias Astray José Luis Palacios Gómez 《European Journal of Social Work》2019,22(3):511-525
This article describes the design process and main features of an instrument developed for use in the specialist area of intervention in care homes for older persons. The essential aim of ISD-1 (instrument for social diagnosis) is to permit the correct formulation of social diagnoses and to standardise and define the professional language used by social workers. Its content has been organised into 4 dimensions of social diagnosis, divided into 15 sub-dimensions containing 83 diagnostic categories. This work was performed in Spain, in the 24 care homes of the Madrid Social Care Agency of the Community of Madrid, involving the participation of the 40 social workers practising in these centres. ISD-1 is an easily understood and used tool, of potential use for social workers practising in care homes for older persons and capable of being adapted for use in other institutional environments, as well as being capable of adaptation and translation for its application in other countries. 相似文献
326.
Stacey E. McElroy-Heltzel Tera R. Jordan Ted G. Futris Allen W. Barton Antoinette K. Landor Kameron J. Sheats 《Journal of youth studies》2019,22(1):124-137
Much of the literature on interpersonal trust is quantitative in nature, using scales developed primarily with White middle-class and upper-class adults. To understand how another racial group of a different socioeconomic background and age views interpersonal trust, we considered the experiences of 22 low-income Black adolescents. The adolescents participated in a relationship education program and were interviewed about their interpersonal trust experiences. Results of a qualitative data analysis revealed that most adolescents defined interpersonal trust based on honesty and fidelity, with a particular emphasis on monogamy in romantic relationships. Adolescents identified direct messages from family members and personal relationship experiences as sources of socialization for interpersonal trust. Although some adolescents reported that the relationship education program enhanced their understanding of and willingness to trust, others maintained that trust can only be learned through personal experiences. Though the adolescents generally trusted family members, they experienced challenges trusting friends and romantic partners. Despite this, adolescents considered interpersonal trust a vital and a necessary part of romantic relationships. We discuss implications of the findings for relationship stability and satisfaction. 相似文献
327.
328.
Roberto León-González 《Econometric Reviews》2019,38(8):899-920
This paper develops a novel and efficient algorithm for Bayesian inference in inverse Gamma stochastic volatility models. It is shown that by conditioning on auxiliary variables, it is possible to sample all the volatilities jointly directly from their posterior conditional density, using simple and easy to draw from distributions. Furthermore, this paper develops a generalized inverse gamma process with more flexible tails in the distribution of volatilities, which still allows for simple and efficient calculations. Using several macroeconomic and financial datasets, it is shown that the inverse gamma and generalized inverse gamma processes can greatly outperform the commonly used log normal volatility processes with Student’s t errors or jumps in the mean equation. 相似文献
329.
We analyze a class of linear regression models including interactions of endogenous regressors and exogenous covariates. We show how to generate instrumental variables using the nonlinear functional form of the structural equation when traditional excluded instruments are unknown. We propose to use these instruments with identification robust IV inference. We furthermore show that, whenever functional form identification is not valid, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator of the coefficient of the interaction term is consistent and standard OLS inference applies. Using our alternative empirical methods we confirm recent empirical findings on the nonlinear causal relation between financial development and economic growth. 相似文献
330.
H. Jonathon Rendina Jonathan López-Matos Katie Wang John E. Pachankis 《Journal of sex research》2019,56(4-5):620-631
Researchers have theorized about the role of sexual shame as a mechanism through which sexual minority stress manifests into mental health difficulties, such as sexual compulsivity for gay and bisexual men (GBM), and about the resilience-promoting effects of sexual pride. However, no validated measures to date have directly tapped into these constructs rather than using proxies for them, such as internalized homonegativity. We developed the Sexual Shame and Pride Scale (SSPS) and conducted a psychometric evaluation of it using a sample of 260 highly sexually active GBM. The scale had the expected structure in factor analysis and showed evidence of internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Correlational analyses demonstrated the convergent validity of sexual shame and sexual pride with relevant constructs. Regression analyses demonstrated the predictive validity of sexual shame in relation to sexual compulsivity, accounting for unique variability even after adjusting for previously demonstrated etiological factors, and the predictive validity of both shame and pride, which interacted to consistently predict four sexual behavior outcomes. Findings suggest the SSPS is a psychometrically valid and reliable measure that may be useful in future empirical work and highlight preliminary evidence for the role of these constructs in the sexual health of GBM. 相似文献