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21.
Evaluating comprehensive, interagency initiatives to reform human services systems presents substantial challenges to traditional research models. Outcomes are observed at the system level rather than the individual level, and the validity of study results may be challenged on a variety of dimensions, particularly small sample sizes and measurement error. We report the results of a cross-site evaluation of the first phase of Reclaiming Futures, a five-year effort to improve services and interventions for justice-involved youth in 10 communities across the United States. We present the evaluation findings and discuss implications for similar research endeavors. The methods used in this study may be useful for other system-level evaluation efforts. A social network analysis analyzes changes in the size, density, and cohesiveness of stakeholder networks. Bivariate models test for associations between Reclaiming Futures implementation and key stakeholder perceptions of effective system change. Multivariate models are used to explore selection effects on item response. In general, we find positive correlations between successful implementation of Reclaiming Futures and indicators of effective and efficient system change. 相似文献
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A Bayesian forecasting model is developed to quantify uncertainty about the postflight state of a field-joint primary O-ring (not damaged or damaged), given the O-ring temperature at the time of launch of the space shuttle Challenger in 1986. The crux of this problem is the enormous extrapolation that must be performed: 23 previous shuttle flights were launched at temperatures between 53 °F and 81 °F, but the next launch is planned at 31 °F. The fundamental advantage of the Bayesian model is its theoretic structure, which remains correct over the entire sample space of the predictor and that affords flexibility of implementation. A novel approach to extrapolating the input elements based on expert judgment is presented; it recognizes that extrapolation is equivalent to changing the conditioning of the model elements. The prior probability of O-ring damage can be assessed subjectively by experts following a nominal-interacting process in a group setting. The Bayesian model can output several posterior probabilities of O-ring damage, each conditional on the given temperature and on a different strength of the temperature effect hypothesis. A lower bound on, or a value of, the posterior probability can be selected for decision making consistently with expert judgment, which encapsulates engineering information, knowledge, and experience. The Bayesian forecasting model is posed as a replacement for the logistic regression and the nonparametric approach advocated in earlier analyses of the Challenger O-ring data. A comparison demonstrates the inherent deficiency of the generalized linear models for risk analyses that require (1) forecasting an event conditional on a predictor value outside the sampling interval, and (2) combining empirical evidence with expert judgment. 相似文献
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Safety and Solidarity After the Boston Marathon Bombing: A Comparison of Three Diverse Boston Neighborhoods 下载免费PDF全文
Philip S. Brenner Jessica L. LeBlanc Anthony M. Roman Naa Oyo A. Kwate 《Sociological Forum》2015,30(1):40-61
This article investigates the effect of the Boston Marathon Bombing on city residents— how the tragic incident changed, or did not change, how Bostonians live in and feel about their community and neighborhoods. Unlike prior research that began weeks or months after a terrorist attack and used retrospective reports, this study spans the focal event. An address‐based sample of residents from three neighborhoods, distinct in racial and economic makeup was surveyed by mail using a three‐contact protocol. About two‐thirds of respondents answered a survey of neighborhood sentiments, and health and well‐being in the days before the bombing (N = 581) and slightly over a third answered the survey after the bombing (N = 313). Assessments of safety, city and neighborhood satisfaction and solidarity, mental health, and other key measures vary greatly between the three neighborhoods, which are diverse in racial and economic composition, but also vary in proximity to the bomb site. Net of neighborhood differences, the bombing had a strong negative effect on neighborhood cohesion and reduced use of public transit. Strong interactions are also found between timing of survey completion (pre and post bombing) and neighborhood for assessments of neighborhood solidarity. 相似文献
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Eugene Lee Davids Nicolette Vanessa Roman Lloyd Leach 《Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment》2017,27(6):589-608
The familial home environment, where parenting takes place, plays an important role in the health behaviors that children and adolescents engage in and has implications on health and well-being in later life. Lifestyle-related behaviors predispose children and adolescents to the global burden of non-communicable and other lifestyle-related diseases. This review therefore examined and described previous studies looking at the associations between health behaviors and parenting approaches. It suggests that engagement in health behaviors, which promotes overall health and well-being, was associated with autonomy, supportive parenting, parental encouragement, behavior control, parental nurturance, warmth and responsiveness, and parental involvement. The review highlights the gap in literature focusing on the health behavior of children and adolescents as well as on parenting. In addition, the review also provides an overview of the continents where fewer studies have examined the presented associations. The findings presented also serve as a guide for program development and implementation to address the increase in non-communicable and other lifestyle-related diseases. 相似文献
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In the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR), one efficient way to improve the ethical behaviour of a company is the implementation of a code of conduct. When focused on suppliers, this code is referred to as the supplier code of conduct (SCoC). Specific, application-oriented research on SCoCs is rare. The main goals of the present article are to define the state-of-the-art in SCoCs and to show how this review can be used in industrial practice when defining a company-specific SCoC. This article uses the electronics industry as an example. The state-of-the-art review of the content of the SCoCs is structured in five main categories of issues: labour standards, health and safety, environment, ethics and compliance. The practical relevance of this review is demonstrated by applying it in the development of a customised SCoC for a company as a part of the company's corporate risk management activities. This review uses the content analysis of SCoCs based on the website disclosures of the Forbes Fortune 2000 (Technology Hardware & Equipment) companies; which yielded 24 SCoCs. The application was done in an action research framework with a partner company, and the results were verified with the help of a focus group consisting of 10 companies. 相似文献
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Raymond Saner Gordana Toseva Aziz Atamanov Roman Mogilevsky Aleksandar Sahov 《Public Organization Review》2008,8(3):215-231
This paper focuses on the function of Inter-ministerial Policy Coordination (IMPC) and its critical role in governance. Following
a definitional section, the authors give an overview of public sector governance in Eastern and Central Europe and Central
Asia and discuss the application of governance principles to Inter-Ministerial Policy Coordination in these regions. They
conclude with specific examples from the Republic of Macedonia and Central Asia.
Raymond Saner professor of Organisation and International Management, University of Basle, at Sciences Po, Paris, and at the World Trade Institute in Berne. He is the co-founder of the Centre for Socio-Eco-Nomic Development, a research based NGO located in Geneva since 1993 and has designed and implemented capacity building projects focusing on improving trade policy governance and public administrative reforms. Gordana Toseva Senior Attorney, USAID Macedonia, member of the WTO Assistance Project (since 1999), currently Director of the e-Gov Project. She facilitated Macedonia’s WTO accession negotiations, prepared MK negotiating team for Working Party meetings, participated in meetings at the WTO in Geneva, advised government officials on trade policy and WTO and assisted in drafting WTO compatible legislation necessary for reform of MK ‘s international trade regime. Aziz Atamanov Researcher of Center for Social and Economic Research in Kyrgyzstan (CASE-Kyrgyzstan since 2000). He participated in different research and consultancy projects for the World Bank, UNICEF, UNDP, TACIS, ADB. Area of his research and consultancy expertise includes fiscal, social, and foreign trade policies. In 2008 he started the Ph.D. Programme at the Maastricht Graduate School of Governance in Social Policy. Roman Mogilevsky Executive Director, (since 1998), Center for Social and Economic Research in Kyrgyzstan (CASE-Kyrgyzstan), prepares analysis and preparation of policy papers on contemporary problems of Kyrgyz economy and CIS including foreign trade, macroeconomics, fiscal, monetary, investment, social policies, Associate Professor American University in Kyrgyzstan (1995-2002), Kyrgyz-Russian Slavonic University (1995-2008). Alexander Sahov Director, USAID Business Environment Activity implemented by Booz Allen Hamilton. Since 1999, Mr. Sahov has advised Macedonian Government on WTO accession until full membership was achieved in 2003. He is a member of the WTO Interministerial Coordination Body of Experts and advises the Macedonian Government on bringing its trade regime in full compliance with the WTO trade rules subsequent to WTO accession. 相似文献
Aleksandar SahovEmail: |
Raymond Saner professor of Organisation and International Management, University of Basle, at Sciences Po, Paris, and at the World Trade Institute in Berne. He is the co-founder of the Centre for Socio-Eco-Nomic Development, a research based NGO located in Geneva since 1993 and has designed and implemented capacity building projects focusing on improving trade policy governance and public administrative reforms. Gordana Toseva Senior Attorney, USAID Macedonia, member of the WTO Assistance Project (since 1999), currently Director of the e-Gov Project. She facilitated Macedonia’s WTO accession negotiations, prepared MK negotiating team for Working Party meetings, participated in meetings at the WTO in Geneva, advised government officials on trade policy and WTO and assisted in drafting WTO compatible legislation necessary for reform of MK ‘s international trade regime. Aziz Atamanov Researcher of Center for Social and Economic Research in Kyrgyzstan (CASE-Kyrgyzstan since 2000). He participated in different research and consultancy projects for the World Bank, UNICEF, UNDP, TACIS, ADB. Area of his research and consultancy expertise includes fiscal, social, and foreign trade policies. In 2008 he started the Ph.D. Programme at the Maastricht Graduate School of Governance in Social Policy. Roman Mogilevsky Executive Director, (since 1998), Center for Social and Economic Research in Kyrgyzstan (CASE-Kyrgyzstan), prepares analysis and preparation of policy papers on contemporary problems of Kyrgyz economy and CIS including foreign trade, macroeconomics, fiscal, monetary, investment, social policies, Associate Professor American University in Kyrgyzstan (1995-2002), Kyrgyz-Russian Slavonic University (1995-2008). Alexander Sahov Director, USAID Business Environment Activity implemented by Booz Allen Hamilton. Since 1999, Mr. Sahov has advised Macedonian Government on WTO accession until full membership was achieved in 2003. He is a member of the WTO Interministerial Coordination Body of Experts and advises the Macedonian Government on bringing its trade regime in full compliance with the WTO trade rules subsequent to WTO accession. 相似文献