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301.
Contemporary scientific analyses of public organizations underscore the salience of management for understanding how governmental bureaucracies perform. Yet little is known of administrators from minority social groups, and whether their organizations perform better or worse than other bureaucracies. Emphasizing the impact of network engagement on organizational performance, this exploratory study addresses this important research deficiency. A critical component of the analysis presented is the differential impact of administrative engagement with internal and external networks on minority and status quo clientele outcomes. The findings have important implications for studies of managerial networking, equity, and representation in public organizations. 相似文献
302.
Robert?DragoEmail author Katina?Sawyer Karina?M.?Shreffler Diana?Warren Mark?Wooden 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(3):381-397
In May 2004, the Australian government announced a “Baby Bonus” policy, paying women an initial A$3,000 per new child. We
use household panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (N = 14,932) and a simultaneous equations approach to analyze the effects of this bonus on fertility intentions and ultimately
births. The results indicate that opportunity costs influence intentions and births in predictable ways. Fertility intentions
rose after the announcement of the Baby Bonus, and the birth rate is estimated to have risen modestly as a result. The marginal
cost to the government for an additional birth is estimated to be at least A$3,000 per new child. We
use household panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (N = 14,932) and a simultaneous equations approach to analyze the effects of this bonus on fertility intentions and ultimately
births. The results indicate that opportunity costs influence intentions and births in predictable ways. Fertility intentions
rose after the announcement of the Baby Bonus, and the birth rate is estimated to have risen modestly as a result. The marginal
cost to the government for an additional birth is estimated to be at least A126,000. 相似文献
303.
P.?Johnelle SparksEmail author Mary?Bollinger 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(2):211-233
Obesity is increasing in the US population and seems to be disproportionately burdening disadvantaged groups. Veterans using
the Veterans Healthcare System (VHS) tend to be more disadvantaged socioeconomically than the general population and in poorer
health. It is important to understand how the veteran population differs from or is similar to the general population and
whether the VHS is able to mediate obesity risk among veterans. This research assesses the sociodemographic, behavioral, and
health risk factors for obesity in the US adult and veteran populations in 2008. We use data from the 2008 Behavioral Risk
Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to empirically assess predictors of obesity risk. We find that women have lower odds of
obesity than men once controls for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health conditions are included in our models. We also
observe a veteran obesity disadvantage in the full adult sample when conducting bivariate tests, but no significant association
with the odds of obesity in the logistic regression models among veterans and non-veterans. Gender specific models indicate
that male veterans have increased odds of obesity compared to non-veterans, but no difference in obesity risks among veterans
and non-veterans are noted for women, controlling for all variables. Further, we find no significant differences in the odds
of obesity of veterans using VHS for all, some, or none of their health care needs; further no significant gender differences
in obesity risk were observed among VHS usages and non-users. Based on the strong, positive association between the number
of chronic health conditions and the odds of obesity, we suggest that health policy should focus efforts on weight management
counseling for obese patients that have obesity related co-morbidities, and more targeted attention to male veterans would
help to address the high level of obesity in this vulnerable population group. 相似文献
304.
Since the early 1960s, the French nuclear industry is marked by a structural dichotomy between experts and the general public. Even though citizens secured themselves a place in the decision making process, their scope of action is limited and linked to a discursively framed lay identity. The study focuses on the operationalisation of the lay terminology by the actors of the French nuclear debate. We focus our analysis on two groups of actors: 1) governmental and pro-nuclear organisations and 2) nongovernmental and anti-nuclear organisations. Our aim is to analyze the real-time implications of a discursive regime of participation on the public engagement in science. 相似文献
305.
Do downward private transfers enhance maternal labor supply? Evidence from around Europe 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Using data on 2,317 mother–daughter pairs from 10 European countries, we investigate the impact of downward time and monetary
transfers on the career choices of transfer-receiving young mothers. For Europe as a whole, we find a strong positive effect
of grandchild care on the labor force participation and the degree of labor market involvement of the young mother, but no
impact of monetary transfers on either of these decisions. Both recipients and donors with better endowments are more likely
to participate in a monetary transaction, while mothers with lower level of human capital are more likely to provide time
transfers to their better endowed daughters. 相似文献
306.
Jelena Jockovi? 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2011,141(7):2348-2352
Let Nn={1,2,…,n}. We sample with replacement from the set Nn assuming that each element has probability 1/n of being drawn. Let Mn be the waiting time determined by certain stoping rules in the coupon collector's problem. We investigate models for the asymptotic behavior of the excesses of Mn over the high thresholds. 相似文献
307.
This article develops a new and stable estimator for information matrix when the EM algorithm is used in maximum likelihood
estimation. This estimator is constructed using the smoothed individual complete-data scores that are readily available from
running the EM algorithm. The method works for dependent data sets and when the expectation step is an irregular function
of the conditioning parameters. In comparison to the approach of Louis (J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. B 44:226–233, 1982), this new estimator is more stable and easier to implement. Both real and simulated data are used to demonstrate the use
of this new estimator. 相似文献
308.
The aim of this paper is to develop a Bayesian local influence method (Zhu et al. 2009, submitted) for assessing minor perturbations
to the prior, the sampling distribution, and individual observations in survival analysis. We introduce a perturbation model
to characterize simultaneous (or individual) perturbations to the data, the prior distribution, and the sampling distribution.
We construct a Bayesian perturbation manifold to the perturbation model and calculate its associated geometric quantities
including the metric tensor to characterize the intrinsic structure of the perturbation model (or perturbation scheme). We
develop local influence measures based on several objective functions to quantify the degree of various perturbations to statistical
models. We carry out several simulation studies and analyze two real data sets to illustrate our Bayesian local influence
method in detecting influential observations, and for characterizing the sensitivity to the prior distribution and hazard
function. 相似文献
309.
Anne?Marie?McLaughlin Michael?Rothery Rochelle??Babins-Wagner Barbara?Schleifer 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2010,38(2):155-163
This article presents the results of research designed to explore decision-making by direct practitioners in selected non-profit human service settings. Forty interviews were conducted with workers at front-line, supervisory and higher-management levels. The research questions included; what sources of information are used in decision-making, what variables enhance or impede utilization of evidence-based knowledge in decision-making and what would be important resources for improving availability, access and utilization of evidence-based knowledge in decision-making? Our results indicate that respondents relied most heavily on experience; on their professional values and beliefs, and on an empathic understanding of their clients’ uniqueness. Compared to these sources of information use of research and the professional literature were less enthusiastically endorsed. 相似文献
310.
Geruso M 《Demography》2012,49(2):553-574
This article quantifies the extent to which socioeconomic and demographic characteristics can account for black-white disparities
in life expectancy in the United States. Although many studies have investigated the linkages between race, socioeconomic
status, and mortality, this article is the first to measure how much of the life expectancy gap remains after differences
in mortality are purged of the compositional differences in socioeconomic characteristics between blacks and whites. The decomposition
is facilitated by a reweighting technique that creates counterfactual estimation samples in which the distribution of income,
education, employment and occupation, marital status, and other theoretically relevant variables among blacks is made to match
the distribution of these variables among whites. For males, 80% of the black-white gap in life expectancy at age 1 can be
accounted for by differences in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. For females, 70% percent of the gap is accounted
for. Labor force participation, occupation, and (among women only) marital status have almost no additional power to explain
the black-white disparity in life expectancy after precise measures for income and education are controlled for. 相似文献