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81.
In this paper we have provided a general result on the moments of a function of nonnormal random vector. The results for the normal case follow as a special case of this result. It is also indicated that the moments of a large class of econometric estimators and test statistics can be obtained by using our general result. This includes least squares estimator in the dynamic model, unit root tests, and the two step semiparametric estimators, among others. 相似文献
82.
83.
This paper is the first attempt to assess, in a unified econometric framework, the existence and the magnitude of both the sexual orientation participation gap and the sexual orientation unemployment gap. Having identified male same-sex couples using the Employment Survey, we use a bivariate probit selection model where the labor supply and the employment equation are jointly estimated for the French labor market. The results show that both participation and employment probabilities are significantly lower for gay employees compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Further investigations indicate that young gay workers, particularly, are more exposed to the unemployment risk than older ones. The beginning of a professional career and the subsequent entry to the labor market appear to be difficult steps to overcome for gay workers who spend more time than their heterosexual counterparts to find the good job. 相似文献
84.
Preschoolers are more likely to endorse testimony supported by strong arguments than by weak, circular ones. Two‐year‐olds exchange arguments with others, but no experiment has demonstrated that they are sensitive to information presented as argument. In the first phase of this study, 2‐year‐olds were shown ambiguous pictures—for instance a bird–fish hybrid—and asked what they thought the picture represented. An informant then contradicted them, providing either a strong argument, a circular argument, or no argument, and the children were asked what they now thought the hybrid was. The second phase was identical to the first, with new hybrids, except that the informant never provided any argument for her position. Finally, in the third phase, the informant left the room and the children were asked again to tell what the hybrids from the first two phases were. On the whole, there was an effect of the amount of information provided in the argument so that children were more likely to endorse labels provided by the informant who had supported her answer with a strong argument in the first phase. Moreover, they generalized the trust granted to informants who provided strong arguments. These results constitute the first experimental demonstration that 2‐year‐olds possess some argument evaluation skills. 相似文献
85.
Asthma is one of the most common health burdens on American families. An understanding of how the costs of asthma are distributed
across communities is essential to realizing cost savings from preventative care. We model the household’s utilization of
hospital services using Grossman’s health production framework. We then test for differences in asthma-related hospitalizations
by race using inpatient records from the Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance. On average black and nonwhite-Hispanic
patients stayed between one-third and one-fourth of a day less than similar white patients which translates into a difference
in expenditures of $8 million over 1994–2002. The difference in expenditures raises questions for market-based methodologies
to value health and for policies directed at reducing inequalities in health outcomes. 相似文献
86.
Mosaic Profiler software was used to classify suicide and open verdict cases during 1996 to 1998 in England and within England, for the London and the North West regions. The classification system was based on the socioeconomic characteristics of the last place of residence of the cases at the level of postcode. The results highlighted that deprived areas and areas that contain elderly population or those areas that suffer from lack of social cohesion are overrepresented, whereas affluent areas are underrepresented. All of these, although in the larger scale, seem to support the results of other studies. Nevertheless, more studies would be required before one can fully evaluate the application of the Mosaic Profiler in the field of spatial epidemiology. 相似文献
87.
88.
SUMMARY This study questions traditional assumptions in the person-environment fit models. Previous research has regarded any kind of fit as positive and any kind of misfit as negative. In the present study, this thinking is refined. It is proposed that consideration of the nature of the fit or misfit matters and that different dependent variables, including performance, may be affected differently. The proposal is tested with a sample of 212 research scientists. The findings demonstrate modest support for the differing effects of type of fit on the dependent variables. 相似文献
89.
Stéphane Baldi 《The American Sociologist》1997,28(1):89-101
In this article I argue that quality ratings can be conceptualized as reflecting the extent to which departments are visible
to outside raters. Using cross-sectional as well as panel data on sociology departments from the two latest surveys of graduate
education published by the National Research Council in 1982 and 1995, I explain departmental quality ratings in terms of
measures that reflect a department’s visibility, such as its faculty productivity, size, age, and location at an elite-status
university. While the results of the cross-sectional and the longitudinal models tell different stories, the two are not incompatible.
Specifically, both models suggest strong effects of departmental size and age. By comparison, the estimated effects of faculty
productivity and location at an elite-status university are weaker and significant only in the cross-sectional model.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, New York, NY,
August 1996. This research was conducted under a FLAS fellowship from the U.S. Department of Education. I wish to thank Lowell
Hargens for helpful comments and advice. 相似文献
90.
Hyoun K Kim Heidemarie K. Laurent Deborah M. Capaldi Alan Feingold 《Journal of marriage and the family》2008,70(5):1169-1187
The present study examined the longitudinal course of men’s physical and psychological aggression toward a partner across 10 years, using a community sample of young couples (N = 194) from at‐risk backgrounds. Findings indicated that men’s aggression decreased over time and that women’s antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms predicted changes in men’s aggression. This suggests the importance of studying social processes within the dyad to have a better understanding of men’s aggression toward a partner. 相似文献