清代地方吏弊防治思想及其变化

近世以来,地方吏役不可避免地成为基层行政的主体,但其专权导致的社会不安在清代地方亦达于极致.有清一代知识分子和官僚精英从强化官长威权以弱化吏役擅权之可能、提高吏役自身素质以降低其弄权之可能和去例案太繁、省文法以改善官役之施政环境等三大方面阐述了他们的地方吏弊防治思想.这些观点和建议,有些在清代的社会发展中遭到淘汰,有些则成为清末官制改革的目标之一,但基本上均无法付诸实践,体现了时代的局限.     

试论巴赫金的“文本理论”

通过确认"文本"是语言学、语文学、文学学诸人文学科的第一性实体,是人文思维的直接现实,巴赫金有力地捍卫了人文科学的"科学性",他通过确认"话语文本"是一种有声的超语言的表述,是主体间的交锋互动的事件,有效地坚守着人文科学的"人文性".通过确认"文学文本"具有"双声语"品质,巴赫金精辟地阐明了文学创作的"对话性"与文学接受的"开放性".     

收缩论及其不一致性研究

收缩论是与实质论相对立的一种真理论研究立场,其意图是通过说明真谓词的形式性质并消除附于真概念上的各种形而上学的、认识论的要素而终结有关真理论问题的各种哲学争论。然而,对收缩论基本论点的分析表明,其理论立场是内在地不一致的。收缩论的主要缺陷是忽略了对真值条件概念的实质性研究。     

他该不该得到1082万销售提成及补偿金

案情简介2007年12月19日,王某向某劳动争议仲裁委提出仲裁申请,要求某公司向其支付在职期间销售提成865.66万元,以及额外支付25%的补偿金216.42万元,合计1082.08万元。王某诉称,本人2007年2月1日应聘进入某公司,就职于销售部门,担任东北区销售经理一职,双方约定基本工资为2000元/月,另加销售提成。因经营状况出现问     

基于科学发展观的镇域经济发展指数测度研究——以天津地区为例

对镇域经济一般有两种理解：一种是将镇域经济看作行政区域经济．另一种是将镇域经济看作开放式的区域经济。本文对镇域经济的研究侧重于乡镇行政区域内的经济,立足于以镇区经济为核心．通过发挥镇域比较优势和资源优势,培育新型经济增长点．从而辐射带动整个区县经济的发展。镇域经济上联城市经济、下联农村经济．具有促进区域经济增长和社会全面进步的综合功能。     

《自然辩证法》的“自然”:生态伦理学的自然本体论

在《自然辩证法》中,恩格斯从自在自然和属人自然两个维度对自然的内核进行了科学和哲学双重解读。从自在自然看,自然具有自组织性、先在性和系统性、有机性,是惯常行程的自我生成,具有存在论意义。因而生态伦理学应该走出对人的"固恋","扩大道德共同体的边界",把自然纳入伦理的怀抱。从属人自然看,自然是人本学的自然与社会的自然的耦合,是对象性活动中的人化生成,具有对象性意义。劳动的对象性决定了人对自然的依赖性,决定了保全自然的逻辑必然性。如此,恩格斯对自然的本质规定性的理解,既超越了非人类中心主义的"无文明的生态",又超越了人类中心主义的"无生态的文明";它为生态伦理学的成立提供了充分的"自然本体论证明"。     

Life satisfaction in China and consumption and income inequalities

This research uses nationally representative data to study how economic resources and inequalities are associated with life satisfaction of Chinese residents. We construct economic resource and inequality measures from expenditure rather than from income, after confirming that expenditure inequality is a better measure in the Chinese context. We find that economic inequalities in general are negatively associated with life satisfaction, and that this association is larger for inequalities in the lower half of the distribution than those in the upper half of the distribution. We further explore the mechanisms under which inequality can be associated with life satisfaction, and find that aspiration is potentially one important channel.     

改进粒子群算法优化灰色神经网络预测模型及其应用

文章针对神经网络存在局部最优、收敛速度慢以及大样本等缺点,将改进的粒子群算法、灰色模型和神经网络模型有机结合,构建了改进粒子群优化灰色神经网络预测模型(IPSO-GMNN).并与其他预测模型进行比较,实证结果表明:IPSO-GMNN预测模型能够克服神经网络预测模型的不足,更好地识别时间序列的非线性和突变性特征.在对我国专利授权数量的预测应用中,新模型对非线性时间数据预测表现出更好的预测精度和稳定性.     

Robust inference for group sequential trials

For ethical reasons, group sequential trials were introduced to allow trials to stop early in the event of extreme results. Endpoints in such trials are usually mortality or irreversible morbidity. For a given endpoint, the norm is to use a single test statistic and to use that same statistic for each analysis. This approach is risky because the test statistic has to be specified before the study is unblinded, and there is loss in power if the assumptions that ensure optimality for each analysis are not met. To minimize the risk of moderate to substantial loss in power due to a suboptimal choice of a statistic, a robust method was developed for nonsequential trials. The concept is analogous to diversification of financial investments to minimize risk. The method is based on combining P values from multiple test statistics for formal inference while controlling the type I error rate at its designated value.This article evaluates the performance of 2 P value combining methods for group sequential trials. The emphasis is on time to event trials although results from less complex trials are also included. The gain or loss in power with the combination method relative to a single statistic is asymmetric in its favor. Depending on the power of each individual test, the combination method can give more power than any single test or give power that is closer to the test with the most power. The versatility of the method is that it can combine P values from different test statistics for analysis at different times. The robustness of results suggests that inference from group sequential trials can be strengthened with the use of combined tests.