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41.
conclusion The continued enhancements of information technologies facilitate and increase knowl-edge intensity in organizations. As such,
knowledge and information technologies play critical roles in the development of competitive advantage by firms. For example,
IT facilitates organizational learning and helps firms move into international markets by making it easier to coordinate geographically
dispersed units and operations. Even entrepreneurial new venture firms are moving into international markets earlier in their
life cycle (Oviatt and MacDougall, 1977; Zahra et al., 2000). IT has become especially important to smaller, entrepreneurial
firms to facilitate their networking and coopera-tive ventures with other firms in order to compete more effectively with
much larger firms for major projects. Furthermore, information technologies facilitate these firms’ technological learning,
a critical element to their survival and long-term success (Zahra et al., 2000). IT has also helped firms from emerging markets
(e.g., Korea, Mexico) compete more effectively against firms from developed markets that have more resources. Thus, IT has
helped facilitate the increasing globalization of businesses. 相似文献
42.
43.
Troutt (1991,1993) proposed the idea of the vertical density representation (VDR) based on Box-Millar method. Kotz, Fang and Liang (1997) provided a systematic study on the multivariate vertical density representation (MVDR). Suppose that we want to generate a random vector X[d]Rnthat has a density function ?(x). The key point of using the MVDR is to generate the uniform distribution on [D]?(v) = {x :?(x) = v} for any v > 0 which is the surface in RnIn this paper we use the conditional distribution method to generate the uniform distribution on a domain or on some surface and based on it we proposed an alternative version of the MVDR(type 2 MVDR), by which one can transfer the problem of generating a random vector X with given density f to one of generating (X, Xn+i) that follows the uniform distribution on a region in Rn+1defined by ?. Several examples indicate that the proposed method is quite practical. 相似文献
44.
Samuel Eilon 《Omega》1985,13(5):453-468
When several products are processed one at a time on a single machine, the conventional approach of computing the economic batch quantity for each product cannot apply. An example for six products is considered, where the total production capacity on regular time is inadequate, so that overtime has to be used at an extra cost. A simple method is described for solving this problem when each product is produced once during a production cycle, the objective being to minimize the total set-up and holding costs per day. Schedules which involve batch splitting can reduce these costs further, and a guideline is proposed for the construction of sub-cycles. The results compare favourably with lower bounds computed for the purpose. 相似文献
45.
In this paper we introduce harmonic analysis (Fourier series) as a tool for characterizing the existence of Nash equilibria
in two-dimensional spatial majority rule voting games with large electorates. We apply our methods both to traditional proximity
models and to directional models. In the latter voters exhibit preferences over directions rather than over alternatives,
per se. A directional equilibrium can be characterized as a Condorcet direction, in analogy to the Condorcet (majority) winner
in the usual voting models, i.e., a direction which is preferred by a majority to (or at least is not beaten by) any other
direction. We provide a parallel treatment of the total median condition for equilibrium under proximity voting and equilibrium
conditions for directional voting that shows that the former result is in terms of a strict equality (a knife-edge result
very unlikely to hold) while the latter is in terms of an inequality which is relatively easy to satisfy. For the Matthews
[3] directional model and a variant of the Rabinowitz and Macdonald [7] directional model, we present a sufficiency condition
for the existence of a Condorcet directional vector in terms of the odd-numbered components of the Fourier series representing
the density distribution of the voter points. We interpret our theoretical results by looking at real-world voter distributions
and direction fields among voter points derived from U.S. and Norwegian survey data.
Received: 7 July 1995 / Accepted: 14 May 1996 相似文献
46.
This study examined the influence offamily-responsive variables and the moderating influence of gender on the retention-relevant outcomes of organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Data were obtained with the aid of structured questionnaires from employed parents (N = 228) in a human service authority in Hong Kong. Results of regression analysis revealed that satisfaction with work schedule flexibility and supervisor work family support were related to both retention-relevant outcomes. Contrary to our prediction, gender did not moderate the influence of any of the family-responsive variables on the retention-relevant outcomes. Limitations of the study, directions for future research and implications of the findings for enhancing the effectiveness of family-responsive human resource policies are discussed. 相似文献
47.
Conventional measures of long‐term population growth such as the intrinsic growth rate and the net reproduction rate assume migration rates to be zero. We develop expressions for analogous measures that register the impact of net migration rates, and we develop a simple method of estimating their values. Applying these new measures to data for developed countries shows that allowance for migration raises net reproduction rates by 0.2‐0.3 in areas of overseas European settlement and by approximately half as much in Northern and Western Europe. The newly defined intrinsic growth rates in Eastern Europe are exceptionally low at ‐1.7 percent to ‐2.4 percent per annum. In contrast, the migration‐adjusted intrinsic growth rate of the United States exceeds those of Asia and Latin America. The formulas and estimation procedures described should allow a more precise understanding of the implications of current migration patterns for long‐term growth prospects. 相似文献
48.
49.
50.
Stroope Samuel Slack Tim Kroeger Rhiannon A. Keating Kathryn Sweet Beedasy Jaishree Sury Jonathan J. Brooks Jeremy Chandler Thomas 《Population research and policy review》2022,41(1):229-249
Population Research and Policy Review - The historic 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DHOS) led to public distress regarding potential impacts on children in nearby Gulf Coast communities.... 相似文献