On the almost unbiased generalized liu estimator and unbiased estimation of the bias and mse

In this paper, we derive the almost unbiased generalized Liu estimator and examine an exact unbiased estimator of the bias and mean squared error of the feasible generalized Liu estimator . We compare the almost unbiased generalized Liu estimator (AUGLE) with the generalized Liu estimator (GLE) and with the ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE).     

Social Policymaking and Its Institutional Basis: Transition of The Chinese Social Security System

This article discusses Chinese social policy development in response to the growth of the market economy. It provides a general overview of the system's evolution in three stages: (1) the pre‐reform period when a system of enterprise welfare was in operation; (2) a period of system transition; (3) the stage when state welfare began to take shape. These developmental trends are interpreted on the basis of three types of institutional relations: the State‐enterprise relation, the enterprise‐ (or employer‐) employee relation, and the individual/worker‐State relation. Moreover, the discussion deals with policy perceptions at each stage of the developmental process. Based on these analyses, it illustrates the transformation of the Chinese social security system in a broad socioeconomic and political context, where China struggled to establish a modern, market‐based enterprise system. The paper thus expounds issues of socialism, market forces and the power of organized labour.     

Financial instruments used by Polish municipalities in response to the first wave of COVID-19

Public Organization Review - Studies on the influence of COVID-19 on municipalities are scarce, although it was precisely municipalities that stood in the first line of combat. It is important to...     

Identity and Ideas: A Roundtable on Identity Politics

This roundtable discussion examines the issue of identity politics and how identity influences and is influenced by gay/queer politics and theory. The participants discuss how identity politics affects political organizing and activism, how different identity communities can build coalitions, how the language related to identity is evolving, and how sexual attractions and practices interact with identity. The discussants look at how the influx into the gay and lesbian movement of new groups that challenge traditional identity boundaries—e.g., bisexuals and transgendered people—is affecting the movement. Finally, the discussants examine how “idea-based” politics may supplant identity-based politics as a new inclusive paradigm.     

大都市疏散政策变迁中的工具转向 ——基于北京市政策的文本分析

2014年以来,京津冀协同发展已上升为国家重大战略,战略中的一个重要环节便是通过各种举措疏解核心区的人口和产业.为了剖析疏散政策的发展脉络、工具偏好和时空趋势,运用文本分析方法和政策二维分析框架,借助ROST-CM软件,对北京市及各区县与疏散密切相关的政策73份、共计119万字文件进行文本分析,重点探索疏散政策的工具偏好,以及政策框架、对象和工具的时空变迁.研究指出:北京市的政策调控由单纯的人口迁移政策转向以产业和功能带动人口的模式;在政策工具选择上,涉及人口、产业、空间和设施疏解的供给型和环境型政策工具种类丰富多样,而需求型政策工具种类相对较少;政策文本中高频关键词的阶段性更替也表明政府各个阶段的政策关注点发生了显著变化.     

收入差距和社会公正:拉美国家社会保障体系的发展及其经验

在对拉美社会保障体系的研究中,人们的关注大多集中在其九十年代的以私有化为导向的改革中,而对于其改革成效和晚近发展讨论较少,对这些体系特点以及社会基础的解释也很不充分。拉美国家社会政策发展的教训警示我们:城市化和市场化的发展未必增进社会全体人民的生活状况,而会导致社会两极化或强化社会区隔。拉美国家私有化、民营化的经验在增强福利供给的多样性、给人们更多的选择方面起到很大作用,但其在增进社会保障程度、减少贫困率方面的效应却很弱。这些国际经验对于我们回答中国的社会实践问题可以提供相应的参照系。     

国际经验和中国社会福利体系的发展

一、从国际经验看社会福利体系发展的趋势 纵观欧美发达国家在20世纪所经历的社会福利体系发展进程,我们可以看到,当经济发展的水平超越了人均国民产值6000美元的阶段之后,政府在社会福利方面的投入将会逐渐加大,并开始构建起各自的福利国家体系.在英国,其人均GDP在上世纪40年代已达到6000美元之上(以国际元即G-KD美元作为衡量单位),而正是在这个时候,贝弗里奇提出了"福利国家"的理念.     

官办慈善与民间慈善：中国慈善事业发展的关键问题

慈善行为既出自人们对弱者和贫困者同情的善良意志,反映了人性的光辉,也是整个社会文明程度的体现。慈善事业的发展既是政府鼓励和推进的事业,也需要全社会民众的积极参与。目前,官办慈善组织在组织公益慈善活动方面起了主导作用（甚至是支配作用）,但近日诸多公共事件的发生使这一体制遭到许多批评,并使慈善议题成为大众舆论的焦点。因此,在有关慈善事业发展的研究中,我们既要考察目前慈善事业发展中政府所起的作用,更要思考如何调动社会组织和广大民众的积极性来共同参与。分析我国的官办慈善体制所存在的问题,思考我们如何推动民间慈善和私人慈善活动的发展,使慈善事业得到全面发展,是十分有必要的。     

Estimation in a linear regression model with stochastic linear restrictions: a new two-parameter-weighted mixed estimator

The present paper considers the weighted mixed regression estimation of the coefficient vector in a linear regression model with stochastic linear restrictions binding the regression coefficients. We introduce a new two-parameter-weighted mixed estimator (TPWME) by unifying the weighted mixed estimator of Schaffrin and Toutenburg [1] and the two-parameter estimator (TPE) of Özkale and Kaç?ranlar [2]. This new estimator is a general estimator which includes the weighted mixed estimator, the TPE and the restricted two-parameter estimator (RTPE) proposed by Özkale and Kaç?ranlar [2] as special cases. Furthermore, we compare the TPWME with the weighted mixed estimator and the TPE with respect to the matrix mean square error criterion. A numerical example and a Monte Carlo simulation experiment are presented by using different estimators of the biasing parameters to illustrate some of the theoretical results.