Estimation of the mean quality-adjusted survival using a multistate model for the sojourn times

In clinical trials, it may be of interest taking into account physical and emotional well-being in addition to survival when comparing treatments. Quality-adjusted survival time has the advantage of incorporating information about both survival time and quality-of-life. In this paper, we discuss the estimation of the expected value of the quality-adjusted survival, based on multistate models for the sojourn times in health states. Semiparametric and parametric (with exponential distribution) approaches are considered. A simulation study is presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator and the jackknife resampling method is used to compute bias and variance of the estimator.     

知识产权工具主义理论及其启示

知识产权领域的独占主义威胁到消极自由的核心价值,会制造一种全球性的人身依附关系,因而应以工具主义态度取而代之.工具主义理论主张财产应服务于道德价值,反对把知识产权作为一种主观权利,并主张知识产权是一种附有义务的特权.这一理论有助于我们重新认识知识产权的性质、知识产权和道德的关系以及知识产权权利限制的重要性.     

Forced marriage,forced sex: the perils of childhood for girls

A recently formed interagency Forum on the Rights of Girls and Women in Marriage is investigating the widespread problem of nonconsensual marriage and forced sex and advocating for legislative and policy initiatives. This article reviews three research projects in this area: research by Anti-Slavery International on child marriage in parts of West Africa, an investigation by Save the Children of children's views of early marriage, and research conducted by CHANGE on women's resistance to domestic violence in Calcutta, India. Girls who marry before 15 years of age are more likely to be illiterate than their older counterparts, more likely to be dowry payment brides, less likely to come into contact with development projects, have higher rates of infant mortality, and are most vulnerable to sexual violence. In many cases, intercourse is initiated before the girl begins to menstruate. Although adult women also face sexual violence within marriage, this problem is all the more traumatic for girls who lack any information about sexuality. Sex with girls below a certain age is usually covered by rape legislation, but, in countries such as India, this is mitigated by the religiously defined personal laws. The absence of adequate legal and policy action frameworks to deal with the rights of girls, coupled with the lack of sanctions against these abuses, comprise state complicity and neglect of duty under international law to this vulnerable group.     

Separable Preferences,Strategyproofness, and Decomposability

We consider strategyproof social choice functions defined over product domains. If preferences are strict orderings and separable, then strategyproof social choice functions must be decomposable provided that the domain of preferences is rich. We provide several characterization results in the case where preferences are separable only with respect to the elements of some partition of the set of components and these partitions vary across individuals. We characterize the libertarian social choice function and show that no superset of the tops separable domain admits strategyproof nondictatorial social choice functions.     

Ordinally Bayesian Incentive Compatible Voting Rules

We study strategic voting after weakening the notion of strategy‐proofness to Ordinal Bayesian Incentive Compatibility (OBIC). Under OBIC, truth‐telling is required to maximize the expected utility of every voter, expected utility being computed with respect to the voter's prior beliefs and under the assumption that everybody else is also telling the truth. We show that for a special type of priors, i.e., the uniform priors, there exists a large class of social choice functions that are OBIC. However, for priors that are generic in the set of independent beliefs, a social choice function is OBIC only if it is dictatorial. This result underlines the robustness of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite Theorem.     

“失明”的文学——从空间到空间理性

上古时期盲人和其作品登上文学舞台,影响中外文学达几个世纪。受生理条件限制,盲人须用理性来理解直观空间,由此空间理性被深深地烙印在语言之上,并影响着后世的文学创作。空间理性在口头文学的传播过程中逐步确立,再经由文字表现出来,更加剧了语言逻辑化和语法化的过程,这与使用何种语言和文字并没有直接关系,也不存在非逻各斯中心主义的语音中心主义。这一被树立起来的文学典范,使语言中所蕴涵的空间理性最终内化为人类的深层思维,也成了一切艺术的过滤器。我们无法再回到原初状态,空间之网成了人类与自然永远的隔膜。     

研究型大学本科毕业设计教学模式的探索与实践

毕业设计（论文）是本科生培养过程中重要的综合性实践教学环节。研究型大学有着诸多的优势资源,如何使其在本科毕业设计（论文）教学中充分发挥积极作用是迫切需要探讨的问题。文章就研究型大学本科毕业设计教学模式如专业培养计划、教学目标、毕业设计选题、指导机制、过程监督等诸方面进行了探讨和创新。教学实践证明,该模式取得了很好的效果。     

Estimating the impacts of household behavior on youth smoking: evidence from Ontario, Canada

This study attempts to evaluate the relative impacts of parents, siblings, and classmates on youth smoking by employing longitudinal data from the Waterloo Smoking Prevention Program (WSPP), a chronicle of smoking habits of students enrolled in various high schools in South Western Ontario, between 1993 and 1996. The empirical results reveal household and classmate smoking to be significant determinants of individual smoking participation as well as daily smoking. Specifically, an increase in the proportion of classmates who admit to smoking and cigarette consumption by an elder sibling, are both significantly correlated with a higher probability of youth smoking. This is a consistent finding across OLS, within-individual, and IV estimates. Finally, simple OLS estimates suggest the presence of non-linear effects with respect to classmate smoking.

试论中古士族濮阳宇文氏家族的兴衰

作为中国中古社会一度活跃和有影响的士族家族之一,濮阳宇文氏家族兴起于西魏北周时期,鼎盛于隋及唐初期,唐中期逐渐沉寂于政治社会.依靠政治投机取得高官,是濮阳宇文氏家族的家族个性特点.濮阳宇文氏家族的衰落与时代因素以及家族成员素质等多种因素的影响作用有关.     

思想的冒险与精神的忧郁——论齐美尔对现代性的思考

面对现代社会发展带来的问题,如哲学的不景气、文化现象的货币和女性卖淫等,齐美尔均以其冒险的思想使之获得再生和合理性解释.思想的冒险并没有带来精神上的振奋,齐美尔的犹太身份使其人生,特别是学术道路几经坎坷,但对现代性"看破红尘"后的寂静,才是他精神上忧郁并陷入悲观主义的真正原由.