公益诉讼探讨

公益诉讼制度是解决民事纠纷,保护社会公益,维护社会公正的有效途径。文章从公益诉讼制度的历史入手,比较了公益诉讼制度与传统诉讼制度的区别,阐述了建立公益诉讼制度的必要性,分析了我国公益诉讼制度存在的问题,并提出了如何建立公益诉讼制度的建议,旨在探索建立和完善公益诉讼制度的新思路。     

Child Poverty in Rural China: Multidimensional Perspective

This paper describes a pilot study on child multidimensional poverty in rural China by introducing the Alkire–Foster method based on survey data collected from five provinces/autonomous regions. Results showed that the headcount ratio of child multidimensional poverty was 14.29%. On average, multidimensionally poor children were deprived in 37.62% of all the dimensions, and their adjusted headcount ratio (multidimensional poverty) index was 0.054. Health was the most deprived dimension, followed by the subsistence and participation dimensions. Disabled children, children influenced by HIV/AIDS, and ethnic minority children were severely deprived. This study not only adds to the current literature on child poverty in China, but also provides policy suggestions for future action plans.     

A survey of functional principal component analysis

Advances in data collection and storage have tremendously increased the presence of functional data, whose graphical representations are curves, images or shapes. As a new area of statistics, functional data analysis extends existing methodologies and theories from the realms of functional analysis, generalized linear model, multivariate data analysis, nonparametric statistics, regression models and many others. From both methodological and practical viewpoints, this paper provides a review of functional principal component analysis, and its use in explanatory analysis, modeling and forecasting, and classification of functional data.     

油松花粉离体萌发及萌发特征研究

为了加强油松有性杂交,为种子园育种研究奠定基础,对油松花粉离体萌发的适宜条件及萌发特征进行了系统研究.结果表明,油松花粉在无蔗糖培养基中仍具一定萌发能力,蔗糖的添加可显著促进花粉萌发,但高浓度蔗糖可抑制花粉管的生长;油松花粉管易形成分枝,蔗糖浓度与分枝花粉频率呈正相关;硼酸的添加在培养初期可有效加速花粉萌发,但过高浓度的硼酸对花粉萌发具抑制作用;Ca2+对花粉萌发的影响较小,不同浓度Ca2+处理均可获得较高的萌发率;培养温度对花粉萌发的促进作用明显,但温度的持续升高将抑制花粉萌发.综合萌发率、花粉管生长及分枝花粉管频率,油松花粉萌发的最适液体培养基组成为:2.00％蔗糖+0.075％硼酸+0.005％ Ca2+,26℃下光照培养,72 h时萌发率可达(96.10±0.47)％.     

限制兼任教师与民国大学学术职业发展

民国初期,政府通过教学工作量将大学教师职业划分为专任教师和兼任教师两种类型。当时,大学盛行聘请兼任教师及专任教师在外校兼课,兼任教师和专任教师之间的区别不明显。这种现象受到了海内外学者的批评,此后,中国的学界、大学和政府逐渐限制兼任教师:学界注重构筑官职和学术职业的界限,限制大学专任教师兼任官职|大学约束本校教师外出兼课|政府限制大学聘请过多的兼任教师。到民国后期,中国大学学术职业的专任程度逐步提高。这一历程反映了大学由注重教学绩效向关注学术质量的转变。     

收益重组与秩序再造:建国初期的农村减租运动——以无锡为中心

建国初期的土地改革是土地私有制向公有制转变的过渡阶段。在解放之初的苏南地区,由于地权形态和政治状况比较复杂,中国共产党采取了谨慎渐进的减租政策,对农村的土地收益权进行了调整,初步动员了农民,为之后的土地改革奠定了合法性基础。     

隐喻话语的认知解读

隐喻不仅是一种修辞现象,而且是人类对客观世界的一种认知方式,存在于人类思维中。人类的话语中充满了隐喻。从认知角度对隐喻话语进行解读,隐喻话语建构的特点体现为：主体认知性、修辞性和社会性。隐喻话语解读的特点体现为：动态开放性、审美互动性和意象塑造性。     

Bootstrap methods for stationary functional time series

Bootstrap methods for estimating the long-run covariance of stationary functional time series are considered. We introduce a versatile bootstrap method that relies on functional principal component analysis, where principal component scores can be bootstrapped by maximum entropy. Two other bootstrap methods resample error functions, after the dependence structure being modeled linearly by a sieve method or nonlinearly by a functional kernel regression. Through a series of Monte-Carlo simulation, we evaluate and compare the finite-sample performances of these three bootstrap methods for estimating the long-run covariance in a functional time series. Using the intraday particulate matter (\(\hbox {PM}_{10}\)) dataset in Graz, the proposed bootstrap methods provide a way of constructing the distribution of estimated long-run covariance for functional time series.     

论我国城乡职业教育资源的优化配置

城乡统筹,实现职业教育资源的优化配置,其重大意义在于:发挥了城市对乡村的辐射带动作用,找到了城乡结合、院校协作、资源共享的最佳契合点,也使多渠道转移农民就业变为现实。鉴于我国职业教育经费投入重城轻乡、专业设置重工轻农、院校布局重东部轻西部的实际,实现职教资源优化,应秉持城乡一体化、资源效能最优化和社会效益最大化的原则。具体举措为:统一领导,发挥政策的引领、规范作用;统一规划,构建我国东部支援西部、城市支援乡村的职教资源优化配置网络;创新思维,多渠道筹集财力资源;创造条件,鼓励双师型教师、优秀毕业生到贫困地区任教;精成援助,校际之间实现软硬件资源整合共享。     

Absent Role of the State: Analysis of Social Support to Older People with Disabilities in Rural China

China is experiencing rapid population ageing and already has 44 million older people with disabilities aged over 59 years. Yet social support of these older people with disabilities is undeveloped and not well researched. This article contributes by using a disability rights framework (right to life and protection, economic security and social support) to analyze local cases in rural China. It finds that, although the family is still the main provider of economic and care support to rural older people with disabilities, the absence of a state role in welfare provision has negative impacts on the well‐being of older and younger generations in rural families.