Conditional design of the EWMA median chart with estimated parameters

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart is often designed assuming the process parameters are known. In practice, the parameters are rarely known and need to be estimated from Phase I samples. Different Phase I samples are used when practitioners construct their own control chart's limits, which leads to the “Phase I between-practitioners” variability in the in-control average run length (ARL) of control charts. The standard deviation of the ARL (SDARL) is a good alternative to quantify this variability in control charts. Based on the SDARL metric, the performance of the EWMA median chart with estimated parameters is investigated in this paper. Some recommendations are given based on the SDARL metric. The results show that the EWMA median chart requires a much larger amount of Phase I data in order to reduce the variation in the in-control ARL up to a reasonable level. Due to the limitation of the amount of the Phase I data, the suggested EWMA median chart is designed with the bootstrap method which provides a good balance between the in-control and out-of-control ARL values.     

Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

异味与佳肴：瘪的话语建构与象征意义

瘪是从牛羊胃或小肠中提取的未完全消化的食物所制成的一种汁液佐料,以之加工的菜肴主要流行于贵州、广西、云南等地部分少数民族中,其食用过程往往带有神圣性与仪式性。但因其来源与“他者”认知中的“卫生”有巨大的差距,长期被视为肮脏、落后、原始的表现,并推于食之的少数民族。然而,20世纪90年代以来,随着民族地区旅游业的开展,大众媒体的广泛传播,在媒介、游客、地方政府以及乡民的大力推介下,瘪逐渐实现了华丽的转身,成为健康、原生态的表征,以及一定地域文化的象征符号。瘪的话语建构,反映了人们追求新奇、包容多元的现代性反叛,借助于瘪,那些曾被视为原始、落后的地域和人们一定意义上实现了身份标签的扭转。     

法律经济学视野中的惩罚性赔偿

应用经济学分析工具论证了惩罚性赔偿制度的合理性与独创性。重点讨论了对合同关系中存在欺诈和重大过失的情形下适用该制度的可行性和积极意义,指出惩罚性赔偿制度在防止出现合同欺诈和重大过失方面具有其独特的遏制功能。在对现行的赔偿标准弊端进行分析的基础上认为可以借鉴国外相关立法,并参照我国现行个人所得税征收标准,建立起以分段函数作为指导的弹性的惩罚性赔偿标准。     

新闻标题中强势模因的建构

模因主要通过模仿得到复制、传播和发展,复制能力强、传播范围广、存活时间长的模因便成为强势模因。新闻作者通常采用恰当的模因传播策略对成语谚语、流行歌曲等进行语言变异,建构新闻标题中的强势模因。强势模因使新闻标题更具感染力和传播力,更能吸引读者。模因论为新闻标题的研究提供了一个新视角,同时也有力地解释了成功的新闻标题应当具备的条件。     

浅析跨国公司的社会责任问题

西方社会在对企业进行业绩评估时已经将社会责任作为一项重要指标。国际社会在规范跨国公司行为和承担社会责任方面采取了一系列步骤和措施,但所有措施都是建立在自愿基础上,至今尚未存在一个具有约束力的法典,因而对于跨国公司的社会责任需要国际协调来加以规范。     

我国国家审计模式重构的探讨

我国的国家审计属于典型的行政模式 ,即各级审计机关隶属于各级政府的行政系统 ,地方各级审计机关受双重领导。随着政治经济体制改革的深入 ,现有的审计模式在许多方面都阻碍了审计机关职能的行使和审计目标的实现 ,审计独立性得不到充分保证 ,因此 ,本文试针对现行审计模式的缺陷 ,对我国国家审计模式提出了新的构想     

公共政策视角下的中国人口老龄化

人口老龄化将成为人类社会的常态,它所带来的挑战更多地源于老化的人口年龄结构与现有社会经济体制之间的不协调所产生的矛盾,这使公共政策调节成为必须。仅仅调节人口政策、仅仅调节针对老年人的政策或某一部门的政策都不足以全面应对人口老龄化,而应当以社会整合和长期发展的视角来重构当前的公共政策体系。在重构过程中,不仅要统筹人口系统与其他社会系统的关系,而且要统筹短期目标与中长期战略的联系。因此,应建立一个权威的常态统筹机构,并结合中国的国情,重新定位老年人的社会角色、解决老年人养老的现实问题、支持老龄化社会的可持续发展。     

新媒体时代大学生社会主义核心价值体系教育的原则

大学生社会主义核心价值体系教育是当前大学生思想政治教育工作的核心内容。进入新媒体时代,大学生社会主义核心价值体系教育应深入把握新媒体的特性,遵循主导性与多样性相结合、虚拟性和现实性相结合、理论性和实践性相结合、继承性和创新性相结合的教育原则,不断提高教育实效性,促进大学生将社会主义核心价值体系转化为自觉追求。