How Welfare Policies Affect Adolescents' School Outcomes: A Synthesis of Evidence From Experimental Studies

Using data from 8 random assignment studies and employing meta‐analytic techniques, this article provides systematic evidence that welfare and work policies targeted at low‐income parents have small adverse effects on some school outcomes among adolescents ages 12 to 18 years at follow‐up. These adverse effects were observed mostly for school performance outcomes and occurred in programs that required mothers to work or participate in employment‐related activities and those that encouraged mothers to work voluntarily. The most pronounced negative effects on school outcomes occurred for the group of adolescents who had a younger sibling, possibly because of the increased home and sibling care responsibilities they assumed as their mothers increased their employment.     

听力教学中背景知识激发浅议

听力水平的提高是英语学习者多种技能的综合反映,也是教师多种教学策略恰当运用的结果。背景知识的激发对学习者听力的理解起着举足轻重的作用。创设“逼真”和“真实”的情境,着重呈现长期记忆与短期记忆材料,丰富“暖身活动”内涵是实现听力教学中背景知识激发的有效途径和方法。     

Bayesian model selection and parameter estimation for possibly asymmetric and non-stationary time series using a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo approach

A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach, called a reversible jump MCMC, is employed in model selection and parameter estimation for possibly non-stationary and non-linear time series data. The non-linear structure is modelled by the asymmetric momentum threshold autoregressive process (MTAR) of Enders & Granger (1998) or by the asymmetric self-exciting threshold autoregressive process (SETAR) of Tong (1990). The non-stationary and non-linear feature is represented by the MTAR (or SETAR) model in which one ( 𝜌 1 ) of the AR coefficients is greater than one, and the other ( 𝜌 2 ) is smaller than one. The other non-stationary and linear, stationary and nonlinear, and stationary and linear features, represented respectively by ( 𝜌 1 = 𝜌 2 = 1 ), ( 𝜌 1 p 𝜌 2 < 1 ) and ( 𝜌 1 = 𝜌 2 < 1 ), are also considered as possible models. The reversible jump MCMC provides estimates of posterior probabilities for these four different models as well as estimates of the AR coefficients 𝜌 1 and 𝜌 2 . The proposed method is illustrated by analysing six series of US interest rates in terms of model selection, parameter estimation, and forecasting.     

Four‐Month Attentional Regulation and Its Prediction of Three‐Year Compliance

The extent to which 4‐month attentional regulation during an infant‐mother still‐face situation and 12‐month attachment security during the Strange Situation predicted rates of compliance and noncompliance during a cleanup task at 36 months was examined longitudinally in 70 infant‐mother dyads. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that infants who showed more attentional regulation during the still‐face situation with mothers later showed a higher rate of committed compliance and a lower rate of situational compliance during cleanup with mothers. Furthermore, lower levels of attentional regulation were later associated with higher rates of assertive behavior, but only for infants in an insecure attachment relationship.     

CAI课件与化学实验

随着时代的不断进步,计算机技术的不断发展,CAI课件的功能也逐渐增强,现在已经成为化学实验教学的重要补充。同时CAI课件在开发和应用中也经常会遇到一些问题,只有合理地解决这些经常遇到的问题,才能优化实验教学,取得最佳的效果。     

山西省大专院校体育师资队伍现状调查与发展战略研究

对山西省 16所大专院校体育教师队伍的年龄结构、职称结构、学历层次结构及性别结构等状况进行了调查和分析研究。在总结经验的基础上 ,提出了 2 1世纪山西省大专院校公体教师发展战略的基本思路和主要措施 ,以促进山西省大专院校公体教师队伍整体水平的提高     

行政即时强制条件论

行政即时强制是行政法的重要制度之一 ,而行政即时强制条件的设定是行政强制制度确立的关键 ,中国宜借鉴德国、日本等国的有关制度 ,以确保行政法治的实现     

《红楼梦》名物典故探微

《红楼梦》有大量关于花木、器用、人物、习俗、衣食、称谓、诗文等方面的名物典故。对其中一部分进行考释 ,有助于进一步了解当时的社会风俗、历史背景、作者笔底隐意、写作意图以及佚稿中某些故事情节     

并行编程模式及分析

讨论了主从模型、单控制流多数据流、分治策略、数据流水线、投机策略、混合模型六种并行编程模型的结构和工作方式、性能及特点,分析统计了大量应用程序。指出了并行程序设计中,并行编程模式的选择直接影响了并行程序的正确性和效率,而主从模型和单控制流多数据流在整体性能上最优,程序执行效率也最好,是两种最常用的并行编程模型。     

论缔约过失责任制度——兼评合同自由与合同正义

缔约过失责任制度的产生与发展是 19世纪下半叶尤其是 2 0世纪以来合同法走向现代化的重要标志之一。缔约过失责任制度的价值论基础 ,就在于诚实信用原则所体现的正义价值与合同自由原则所体现的自由价值构成相倚的两极 ,产生相互亲和的张力。加强对我国缔约过失责任制度的深入研究 ,评析其得失 ,有助于进一步完善我国缔约过失责任制度