Estimation of regression parameters in generalized linear models for cluster correlated data with measurement error

Liang and Zeger (1986) introduced a class of estimating equations that gives consistent estimates of regression parameters and of their asymptotic variances in the class of generalized linear models for cluster correlated data. When the independent variables or covariates in such models are subject to measurement errors, the parameter estimates obtained from these estimating equations are no longer consistent. To correct for the effect of measurement errors, an estimator with smaller asymptotic bias is constructed along the lines of Stefanski (1985), assuming that the measurement error variance is either known or estimable. The asymptotic distribution of the bias-corrected estimator and a consistent estimator of its asymptotic variance are also given. The special case of a binary logistic regression model is studied in detail. For this case, methods based on conditional scores and quasilikelihood are also extended to cluster correlated data. Results of a small simulation study on the performance of the proposed estimators and associated tests of hypotheses are reported.     

美国黑人高等教育的发展历程

美国黑人高等教育的发展,最初表现为黑人院校的建立与发展。黑人院校主要是指美国历史上的黑人学院和大学(HistoricallyBlackCollegesandUniversities),是专门为黑人接受高等教育而开办的两年制初级学院或提供学士学位教育的场所。绝大多数黑人院校创立于1964年之前,且得到州政府的认可。①由于种族主义的存在,黑人院校成为美国黑人接受高等教育的惟一场所,且在相当长一段时间里代表了黑人高等教育的发展状况。直到20世纪60年代种族隔离制度被废除,实行黑人与白人合校,黑人高等教育才突破了“黑人院校”的局限。在美国黑人院校的发展过程…     

The Determinants of Gender Equity in India: Examining Dyson and Moore's Thesis with New Data

In revisiting the influential Dyson and Moore (1983) hypothesis as to why women in South India enjoy relatively more agency than in the North, we conducted an econometric analysis of the determinants of women's mobility and decisionmaking authority. Data for the study come from a household data survey carried out in the Northern state of Uttar Pradesh and in the Southern state of Karnataka in 1995. We find that cross‐cousin and uncle‐niece marriage is more prevalent in Karnataka as expected. Contrary to Dyson and Moore, however, by 1995 a majority of communities in both North and South practiced village exogamy, and dowries in the two regions were of similar size. Reduced‐form, multivariate regressions show that cultural factors affect women's autonomy in ways not earlier predicted. The impact of village exogamy is mixed rather than negative, while that of consanguinity is strongly negative rather than positive as Dyson and Moore surmised. These authors correctly identified the negative effect purdah has on female mobility. Consistent with economic theory, our data show that higher wages for women consistently improve their mobility and authority, while higher male wages decrease them. Improvements in infrastructure–particularly the presence of street lights and schools in the village–are associated with increased women's agency. We conclude, therefore, that economic factors, state action, and restrictions on mobility seem more powerful than kinship structures as explanations of differences in female autonomy between North and South India.     

优化农民投资行为的系统分析

投资是农民增加收入的一个重要手段 ,在农村 ,农民已成为农业投资的重要主体之一。但从 90年代中后期开始 ,农民对农业投入的总体水平却呈不断下降的趋势 ,在相当程度上制约了农民收入的增加。为此 ,本文在分析现阶段农民投资特点的基础上 ,提出了优化农民投资行为 ,进而增加农民收入的对策     

Parameters of normality and cultural constructions of 'mental retardation': perspectives of Bengali families

Based on the findings of a qualitative study, this article describes how Bengali mothers of children with disabilities in Kolkata, India, construct disability and normality. Data were collected through extensive interviews and participant observations. Findings indicate that family members do indeed use very different yardsticks for defining disability. The norms used by the families in this study and their perceptions of intelligence were much broader than those used by professionals. The perspectives of these families have implications for challenging the traditional notions of intelligence as well as understandings of disability that are embedded within the dominant paradigm in Special Education.     

综合技术措施对仔猪成活率和断奶窝重的影响

为了探讨综合技术措施对仔猪断奶窝重和成活率的影响,选用体况健康、年龄、胎次、生产能力、产期尽量一致的处于妊娠末期的纯繁荣昌母猪20头,随机分为试验组和对照组(各10头),在相同基础日粮基础上对试验组母猪及仔猪采用一定的技术措施,比较仔猪的生长效果。结果表明,试验组60日龄成活率及断奶窝重比对照组分别高11.26％、40.11kg,经统计分析,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

电磁波斜入射到分层有耗媒质上的反射和传输系数

为了解决结构型吸收材料的分析和设计中所遇到的反射系数和传输系数的计算问题,提出一种有效的计算方法。此方法简单易行,为结构材料的计算机辅助分析和设计提供了基础。     

Matrix variance inequalities for multivariate distributions

We derive generalizations of the Hoeffding identity for multivariate random vectors and study some measures of dependence in the multidimensional case. In addition, we derive bounds on the covariance matrix for some multivariate distributions in the sense of Loewner ordering.     

植物性神经系统的第三种成分—NANC神经

近年来已认定植物性神经系统除经典的肾上腺素能和胆碱能神经外,还存在着第三种成分。围绕这第三种成分的研究,出现了嘌呤能神经学派和肽能神经学派。本文综述了该领域的研究进展,着重介绍了两个不同学派的解释和争论。今后对此问题的解决,将是生理学中的一个重大突破。     

Queer Questions

Abstract

As rights claims on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity occupy an increasingly prominent place in international politics, it seems clear that the long-running Woman Question has been supplemented by a set of variously articulated “queer questions.” Drawing on postcolonial, feminist and queer theory, and readings of queer literary and cinematic texts from India and Iran, this article explores moments of resonance, intersection and tension between the Woman Question and queer questions. It argues, first, that contemporary queer questions echo the preoccupations of the Woman Question even as they are uncannily prefigured by it; second, that these questions have been mutually disruptive of one another, so that queer questions are not simply a rerun of the Woman Question; and third, that differences between these questions are problematically flattened out in projections of shared futurity articulated in the abstract universality of “human rights.” Navigating the shared pasts, fraught presents and imagined futures of Woman and queer questions, the article brings queer critiques of temporality to bear on the concerns of postcolonial queer activism. It elucidates opportunities and challenges for alliance between the subjectivities interpellated by these various questions. In addition, it asks how the proliferation of new subjectivities under the sign of “queer” troubles notions of universal human rights.