Chinese Perceptions of the Scandinavian Social Policy Model

This paper highlights the stereotypical images characteristic of Chinese social research on the Scandinavian model. How do Chinese commentators explain the development of the Scandinavian social policy model and how do they assess it? Is it deemed morally sound and sustainable? Reasons for the contrasts of interpretation between Chinese and Scandinavian authors are categorized along two dimensions. There are “missing elements”, typically the notions of social solidarity and social citizenship, which tend to be ignored by Chinese writers though underscored by Scandinavian writers. There are also “added elements”, generated from Chinese contexts, which affect Chinese interpretations of the Scandinavian model. The study argues that since each welfare regime type is possessed of its own normative codes, supported by its own particular social order, it is necessary to decode such elements—especially cultural notions of welfare—to appreciate the points of view being expressed.     

Develop a public response model of soundscape for urban landscape garden parks

Urban Ecosystems - Developing a public response model of soundscape in parks can provide a basis for the optimization of soundscape design. Three representative urban landscape garden parks were...     

Forecasting Australian subnational age-specific mortality rates

Journal of Population Research - When modeling sub-national mortality rates, it is important to incorporate any possible correlation among sub-populations to improve forecast accuracy. Moreover,...     

论我国人民陪审员参审的角色重构与实现路径

当前我国人民陪审员制度改革的核心是将人民陪审员法律内行、同职同权的角色期望纠正为法律外行、异职异权,将人民陪审员消极参与与过于积极参与并存的角色认知纠正为民主的参与者,事实真相的发现者和社会价值的代言者,以推动人民陪审员制度充分发挥促进司法民主、司法公正和司法公信的功能.在人民陪审员制度改革基本框架已确立的前提下,应通过完善配套制度建设将改革的基本前提预设转化为正当的司法运作秩序,保证当前人民陪审员制度改革生根发芽.这些制度主要包括两种类型:事实领域的人民陪审员知晓争议焦点规范与人民陪审员一事一证规范,意见效力领域的合议庭评议规范和审委会及二审法院复审规范.     

宋代閤职的内外演变与磨勘叙迁探析

宋代共设有三等閤职,最初供职于閤门,后閤职官员出外任职情况变得普遍,直接推动了外任武官兼带閤职制度的发展,此后閤职作为武官兼带的一种职名,成为奖励军功以及控制武官的一种有效手段。而閤职制度的发展也使閤职作为武臣清选的地位逐渐确立,表现之一就是在磨勘叙迁上较一般武官而言具有一定的优越性。同时,内外不同的閤职在磨勘制度上也有一定的差异,这些差异的产生也加深了閤职作为武臣清选的内涵。     

国家治理现代化视域下的少年司法社会支持体系:价值、立场及路径

少年司法社会支持体系是司法机关参与社会治理创新的重要途径。它面临着来自司法体系内部和外部社会环境的双重困境。国家治理现代化理念为其纾困和发展提供了更高站位的思路引领。少年司法社会支持体系通过理念的深度契合及价值的充分彰显,呈现出国家治理现代化的时代面向,也因而夯实了正当性基础、坚定了价值自信。未来发展中,应当立足国家治理现代化视角,将问题导向与目标导向相结合,在宏观立场上,调适好司法能动和司法克制的关系、司法机关与社会力量的关系、顶层规范设计与基层实践创新的关系;在微观路径上,多措并举增强社会服务的实效性、保障社会支持体系的高效率运行和可持续性发展,渐进性推进近景、中景、远景目标的达成。     

Principal stratum strategy: Potential role in drug development

A randomized trial allows estimation of the causal effect of an intervention compared to a control in the overall population and in subpopulations defined by baseline characteristics. Often, however, clinical questions also arise regarding the treatment effect in subpopulations of patients, which would experience clinical or disease related events post-randomization. Events that occur after treatment initiation and potentially affect the interpretation or the existence of the measurements are called intercurrent events in the ICH E9(R1) guideline. If the intercurrent event is a consequence of treatment, randomization alone is no longer sufficient to meaningfully estimate the treatment effect. Analyses comparing the subgroups of patients without the intercurrent events for intervention and control will not estimate a causal effect. This is well known, but post-hoc analyses of this kind are commonly performed in drug development. An alternative approach is the principal stratum strategy, which classifies subjects according to their potential occurrence of an intercurrent event on both study arms. We illustrate with examples that questions formulated through principal strata occur naturally in drug development and argue that approaching these questions with the ICH E9(R1) estimand framework has the potential to lead to more transparent assumptions as well as more adequate analyses and conclusions. In addition, we provide an overview of assumptions required for estimation of effects in principal strata. Most of these assumptions are unverifiable and should hence be based on solid scientific understanding. Sensitivity analyses are needed to assess robustness of conclusions.     

上海西南地区形成发展热点研究

强化上海西南地区发展特质,应以先进制造业引领打造长三角制造业标杆,建设上海制造品牌重要承载区.加快头部企业和高端人才引入,提升产业链带动能力.在企业引入方面,推进生物医药、美丽健康、绿色化工、节能环保、新型显示、集成电路为核心的具有牵引力和影响力的重大项目向该区域高度集聚,建设高品质产业集聚区,扩大头部企业在沪产能.借助产业联盟等形式,建立园区内企业供需对接、政企交流平台,打造稳固的产业生态.     

Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tools Children's Home Version (ICAST-CH-C)

BackgroundChild maltreatment is a global problem and the true extent remains unknown. The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool — Children's Home version (ICAST-CH) has provided accurate assessment of the scope and prevalence of child maltreatment. Yet measures of children's experiences of child maltreatment are limited in the Chinese population.ObjectivesThe study aimed to translate and validate a Chinese version of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool — Children's Home version (ICAST-CH) and to evaluate its reliability and validity among Taiwan adolescents.MethodsA three phase study was conducted. In phase 1, the ICAST was translated into Chinese using forward–backward translation procedures with the translation equivalence and content validity assessed. In phase 2, the data provided by a convenience sample of 98 adolescents was used to assess the internal consistency of the ICAST-CH Chinese version (ICAST-CH-C). In phase 3, the psychometric properties of the ICAST-CH-C were tested with a nationwide random sample of 5236 adolescents from 35 schools.ResultsThe translation equivalence and content validity index of the ICAST-CH-C was satisfactory. The inter-rater agreements were .90–.91 for comparability of language and .89–.94 for similarity of interpretability. Results indicated that the ICAST-CH-C had a high level of equivalence with the original English version and demonstrated a high internal consistency (.71–.89). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the presence of five factors supporting the conceptual dimension of the original instrument.ConclusionThis study provided initial psychometric properties of the ICAST-CH-C and supports it as a reliable, valid, and highly usable instrument to identify childhood victimization in adolescents. It provided health care professionals with a useful tool to assess the severity and prevalence of child maltreatment within Chinese communities.