六西格玛方法与医院管理

在加入WTO后,中国的企业必将面临日益激烈的竞争,同时信息化的飞速发展,将从根本上改变经济的组织结构和消费行为。如何在这种新的经济环境中生存、成长、壮大是对每一个企业领导人的挑战。六西格玛,由于其严谨的方法和实施步骤、以面向最终用户来建立营运体系的管理思想,对于中国企业建立卓越的管理体系、获取并保持在国际市场上的竞争优势提供了一个非常有效的管理思想和实践。它可以广泛应用于制造业、服务行业等各个领域。近年来,医疗服务行业逐渐引进企业管理的六西格玛方法,重视加强医院管理,不断提高医院服务水平。     

代谢综合征基础与临床系列研究——GRGDSP/7E3对动脉粥样硬化内皮细胞MMPs的mRNA表达的影响

目的了解GRGDSP/7E3对基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-2,MMP-9）mRNA表达的影响。方法体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,分别用酶谱法和逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测MMP-2,MMP-9活性和mRNA表达。待细胞融合成单层后,分别加入无血清培养基、静息期血小板、活化后血小板及interleukin-1β（IL-1β）,共同培养60min后,洗去血小板,内皮细胞继续培养6h。上清液及细胞分别用于酶谱法检测MMP-2和MMP-9活性,以及RT-PCR分析mRNA表达。结果内皮细胞与活化血小板共同培养后,酶谱法显示：与对照组相比,未活化的血小板轻微诱导MMP-2和MMP-9分泌,而活化状态的血小板能显著诱导这二者的分泌,与IL-1β的作用相当;而且还可以见到62kDaMMP-2活化形式。加入阻断剂GRGDSP以及GPⅡb/Ⅲa单克隆抗体（7E3）作用后检测发现,MMP-2和MMP-9分泌减少。与活化血小板共同培养后的内皮细胞表面表达uPAR和MT1-MMP以及上清液中MMP-2的mRNA与对照组相比明显增高,而静息状态的血小板作用不显著。加入GRGDSP或7E3后,mR-NA的表达降低。结论①活化状态的血小板与IL-1β的作用相当,能显著诱导MMP-2和MMP-9分泌;能明显增高内皮细胞（EC）-uPAR和MT1-MMP及上清液中MMP-2mRNA的表达;②GPⅡb/Ⅲa阻断剂可能抑制血小板在不稳定斑块部位聚集、粘附等一系列炎症反应。     

利用合流污水作泵站冷却水源的研究

合流污水经处理达到工业循环冷却水水质指标后,可用作泵站循环冷却水。该文介绍了污水处理的工艺流程和方法,以及与采用自来水作冷却水的成本比较。     

浅析雇佣关系中的商业秘密保护与竞业禁止制度

商业秘密能够给权利人带来巨大的经济价值或竞争优势，因此要加强对商业秘密的保护，尤其是要加强对雇佣关系中的商业秘密的保护。在雇佣关系中，商业秘密权的保护与择业自由权的保护存在着冲突，是保护商业秘密的难点。竞业禁止作为保护商业秘密的手段，同时存在于在职期间和离职后，雇主通常与雇员签订竞业禁止协议来保护商业秘密，如何确认竞业禁止协议的合法性、合理性问题是保护商业秘密的又一个难点。     

Bootstrap Estimation of Benchmark Doses and Confidence Limits with Clustered Quantal Data

The benchmark dose (BMD) is an exposure level that would induce a small risk increase (BMR level) above the background. The BMD approach to deriving a reference dose for risk assessment of noncancer effects is advantageous in that the estimate of BMD is not restricted to experimental doses and utilizes most available dose-response information. To quantify statistical uncertainty of a BMD estimate, we often calculate and report its lower confidence limit (i.e., BMDL), and may even consider it as a more conservative alternative to BMD itself. Computation of BMDL may involve normal confidence limits to BMD in conjunction with the delta method. Therefore, factors, such as small sample size and nonlinearity in model parameters, can affect the performance of the delta method BMDL, and alternative methods are useful. In this article, we propose a bootstrap method to estimate BMDL utilizing a scheme that consists of a resampling of residuals after model fitting and a one-step formula for parameter estimation. We illustrate the method with clustered binary data from developmental toxicity experiments. Our analysis shows that with moderately elevated dose-response data, the distribution of BMD estimator tends to be left-skewed and bootstrap BMDL s are smaller than the delta method BMDL s on average, hence quantifying risk more conservatively. Statistically, the bootstrap BMDL quantifies the uncertainty of the true BMD more honestly than the delta method BMDL as its coverage probability is closer to the nominal level than that of delta method BMDL. We find that BMD and BMDL estimates are generally insensitive to model choices provided that the models fit the data comparably well near the region of BMD. Our analysis also suggests that, in the presence of a significant and moderately strong dose-response relationship, the developmental toxicity experiments under the standard protocol support dose-response assessment at 5% BMR for BMD and 95% confidence level for BMDL.     

An empirical likelihood goodness-of-fit test for time series

Summary. Standard goodness-of-fit tests for a parametric regression model against a series of nonparametric alternatives are based on residuals arising from a fitted model. When a parametric regression model is compared with a nonparametric model, goodness-of-fit testing can be naturally approached by evaluating the likelihood of the parametric model within a nonparametric framework. We employ the empirical likelihood for an α -mixing process to formulate a test statistic that measures the goodness of fit of a parametric regression model. The technique is based on a comparison with kernel smoothing estimators. The empirical likelihood formulation of the test has two attractive features. One is its automatic consideration of the variation that is associated with the nonparametric fit due to empirical likelihood's ability to Studentize internally. The other is that the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is free of unknown parameters, avoiding plug-in estimation. We apply the test to a discretized diffusion model which has recently been considered in financial market analysis.     

黑格尔思辨逻辑学的内在逻辑

黑格尔的思辨逻辑学是他的思辨哲学体系的主体。黑格尔根据历史与逻辑同一的原则 ,运用肯定———否定———否定之否定的辩证方法 ,按其正———反———合三段式的架构模式和运动节奏 ,构建了他思辨逻辑学的内在逻辑 ,为马克思主义哲学的产生奠定了重要的思想基础 ,为我们锻炼和发展理论思维能力提供了一个值得解读的“文本”。     

关于行政机关法律责任的思考

重视国家行政机关法律责任问题的研究,对加强我国的行政法制建设具有重要意义。本文阐述了国家行政机关作为表现国家意志的机关,具有特殊法律地位;国家行政机关法律责任是国家责任的重要内容,其责任内容和责任形式取决于国家的性质、目的和任务;而国家行政机关法律责任制度是否健全,亦成为国家责任制度是否完善的重要标志。当前,我国传统的封建文化意识和现行政治体制中的缺陷是阻碍我国行政机关法律责任制度健全和发展的重要因素。社会应当关注这个问题,以促进我国社会主义民主法制的完善。     

论太平天国时期的周庄枪匪集团

:以费秀元、费金绶父子为首的周庄枪匪集团 ,是清末太湖地区众多枪匪中势力较大的一支。费氏通过捐输取得官衔、功名 ,约束土匪劣性 ,获地主士绅和清政府的支持。太平军攻占苏州后 ,该集团负隅顽抗 ,继而被迫假意受抚 ,最终公开投降清军。在李鸿章率淮军攻占太平天国苏福省的战斗中 ,周庄枪匪绘呈地图、担任向导、随军作战 ,出力颇巨 ,后为李鸿章收编。     

传染性浆膜炎对鸭免疫功能的影响

本文报道鸭人工感染鸭疫里默氏杆菌后主要免疫器官的病理组织学研究结果 ,发现法氏囊、脾脏病理变化严重 ,胸腺的病变较轻微 ,血清中γ -球蛋白含量显著下降。结果表明 :鸭传染性浆膜炎对体液免疫功能有较大的影响