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31.
A number of studies have shown that musculoskeletal symptoms are related to the physical and psychosocial work environments. Workers with musculoskeletal symptoms are often advised to cope by such measures as changing working technique, using lifting equipment and discussing health and environmental problems with supervisors and colleagues. Intervention studies at the individual level, however, have shown that such advice has limited effects in reducing the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. The hypothesis for this study was that negative social and organizational factors may prevent workers from implementing such coping strategies. All 103 motor vehicle mechanics surveyed in 12 different garages responded to a questionnaire on coping with musculoskeletal symptoms and the psychosocial work environment. Positive and significant relationships were shown between how mechanics coped with their musculoskeletal symptoms and such psychosocial factors as work demands, social support, control, manager's involvement in health and safety work, and whether the garages had regular meetings between management and workers. Achieving positive results from preventive work through back schools and other ergonomic interventions seems to require that an organization with positive attitudes towards health and safety work be created before such interventions are implemented. 相似文献
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Nadine Gissibl Claudia Klüppelberg Steffen Lauritzen 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2021,48(1):188-211
We address the identifiability and estimation of recursive max‐linear structural equation models represented by an edge‐weighted directed acyclic graph (DAG). Such models are generally unidentifiable and we identify the whole class of DAG s and edge weights corresponding to a given observational distribution. For estimation, standard likelihood theory cannot be applied because the corresponding families of distributions are not dominated. Given the underlying DAG, we present an estimator for the class of edge weights and show that it can be considered a generalized maximum likelihood estimator. In addition, we develop a simple method for identifying the structure of the DAG. With probability tending to one at an exponential rate with the number of observations, this method correctly identifies the class of DAGs and, similarly, exactly identifies the possible edge weights. 相似文献
35.
Susanne Strau? Steffen Hillmert 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2011,63(4):567-594
The article analyses the consequences of unemployment for earned income after reentering employment. The magnitude of these effects and their changes over the life course are described on the basis of existing research as well as own empirical analyses. The latter are based on administrative data from the German Pension Insurance (Versicherungskontenstichprobe VSKT 2006). Since previous studies differ with regard to both, sample definitions and the applied methods of causal analysis, our own empirical analysis of age- and gender-specific effects is based upon various methods of analysis while using a common dataset. We can show that income and wage penalties due to unemployment increase significantly with age. Moreover, women??s overall financial losses are higher than men??s, especially in the youngest age group. 相似文献
36.
Dr. Steffen Hillmert 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2003,55(1):116-135
The personnel structure on the professorial level is relevant under aspects of both labor-market research and sociology of knowledge. On the basis of a current internet-based data collection of age and career characteristics of the present professors at departments of sociology at German universities, the paper describes cohort composition, qualification process and regional mobility of academic sociologists. Individual-level data allows for the analysis of simple correlations as well as cohort analyses. Age distribution is clearly unequal, even among young East German faculty members. The analysis of characteristics of the different qualification stages shows that this period is rather extended and how hard it is to enter a tenured position. Mobility is higher during the qualification period then after obtaining full professorship. There is a great homogeneity among professors of sociology with respect to age, sex, native country and qualification process. The results suggest that a more foresighted personnel policy and promotion of young sociologists seems necessary and that future studies on the dynamics of research, the development of themes and on scientific productivity in the field are needed. 相似文献
37.
Mirjana Morokvasic Steffen Angenendt Andrea Fischer 《Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research》1994,7(2):117-136
Les auteurs de ce texte comparent les discours dominants et la recherche menée en France et en Allemagne de 1990 à 1993 sur les migrations en provenance de l'Europe de l'Est. Ils montrent comment les recherches sont fortement influencées par le débat politique et constatent la divergence d'approche: en France, peu touchée par ces migrations, l'accent est sur l'élargissement du champ migratoire européen, alors qu'en Allemagne, la destination privilégiée de ces migrations, la recherche et le débat sont davantage centrés sur ce pays. 相似文献
38.
Lauren N. DeCaporale-Ryan Ann M. Steffen Samuel J. Marwit Thomas M. Meuser 《Journal of women & aging》2013,25(6):510-520
ABSTRACTThe transition from “wife” to “caregiver” for a cognitively impaired husband can be an overwhelming experience. Communication patterns change and small conflicts can grow, at times bringing angry feelings and new burdens. Engagement with forgiveness processes may benefit wives by lowering resentment over past tensions, restoring trust, and enhancing the overall caregiving experience. This study examined the utility of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI) within a sample of caregiving wives. Our intent was to better understand this population’s experience with forgiveness when other contextual factors were likely to influence this process. Forgiveness scores on the EFI were positively related to the cognitive status of the care recipient, a particularly important finding for clinical intervention, and inversely related to marital distress and state anxiety. 相似文献
39.
Odd Steffen Dalgard Tom S⊘rensen Inger Sandanger Jan F. Nygård Elisabeth Svensson Deborah L. Reas 《Work and stress》2013,27(3):284-296
Abstract Despite numerous studies of the demand-control model, there is a need for more longitudinal studies to test not only the normal, but also the reversed and reciprocal relationships between work characteristics and mental health. There is also a need for more studies of the multiplicative interaction between demands and control with respect to mental health, which is different from the simple additive effect of the two variables. This is a longitudinal study with an exceptionally long period of follow-up (11 years), with the focus on normal as well as reciprocal and reversed causality between work characteristics and mental health, as measured by reliable instruments close to the original definitions of Karasek. The study was based on a sample of 439 Norwegian employees of different occupations who had stayed in the same profession during the follow-up period. The results were in agreement with the hypothesis that low job control, and in particular low control in combination with high demands (“high strain jobs”), has a negative effect on mental health. There was a significant multiplicative interaction between demands and control, indicating a “buffering” effect of job control. Job demands alone were not significantly associated with mental health. The reversed relationship hypothesis was supported for job demands, but not for job control. 相似文献
40.
Steffen Unkel Nickolay T. Trendafilov Abdel Hannachi Ian T. Jolliffe 《Journal of applied statistics》2010,37(11):1847-1862
The independent exploratory factor analysis method is introduced for recovering independent latent sources from their observed mixtures. The new model is viewed as a method of factor rotation in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). First, estimates for all EFA model parameters are obtained simultaneously. Then, an orthogonal rotation matrix is sought that minimizes the dependence between the common factors. The rotation of the scores is compensated by a rotation of the initial loading matrix. The proposed approach is applied to study winter monthly sea-level pressure anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere. The North Atlantic Oscillation, the North Pacific Oscillation, and the Scandinavian pattern are identified among the rotated spatial patterns with a physically interpretable structure. 相似文献