Trends and challenges of developing human capital in India

With the population touching 1.2 billion, half of which is around 25 years of age, India is set to be among one of the top countries for human capital in the next two decades. While the country has been making rapid progress economically, human capital additions may remain marginal and may not keep up with the pace of economic growth unless accompanied by planned development of manpower. The Indian corporate sector was the first to start a dedicated HR function 30 years ago and the nation was the first to have a Ministry of HRD 20 years ago. Despite the early start, the last two to three decades have provided a mixed bag of experiences and expectations. Conservative HRD policies have not helped India's skill base to develop at the same rate as economic progress. An inadequate research base and the low quality of people entering the HR profession have prevented corporate HRD from becoming more productive than it is now. A lot of attention is directed towards recruitment, retention and compensation strategies rather than to talent multiplication. At the same time, innovative leaders and chief executive officers (CEOs) who have taken up the mantle of HR have made a mark. The future of human capital formation will be bright at the national level if the government makes more intense efforts to build human capital and becomes more innovative and expansive. At the corporate level, the credibility of HR is still suspect as it has not been able to match its steps with those of India's more innovative leaders. Preparation of a new breed of HR professionals combined with education of CEOs in what good HR can do may go a long way in helping Indian HR develop a strong footing.     

民族体育在云南民族文化大省建设中的作用

在刚刚过去的20世纪末,云南省委、省政府根据云南的基本省情和资源优势状况,提出了建设民族文化大省的发展战略思路。少数民族传统体育作为云南民族文化的重要组成部分,在这一过程中具有特殊的优势和作用。     

Estimation of regression parameters in generalized linear models for cluster correlated data with measurement error

Liang and Zeger (1986) introduced a class of estimating equations that gives consistent estimates of regression parameters and of their asymptotic variances in the class of generalized linear models for cluster correlated data. When the independent variables or covariates in such models are subject to measurement errors, the parameter estimates obtained from these estimating equations are no longer consistent. To correct for the effect of measurement errors, an estimator with smaller asymptotic bias is constructed along the lines of Stefanski (1985), assuming that the measurement error variance is either known or estimable. The asymptotic distribution of the bias-corrected estimator and a consistent estimator of its asymptotic variance are also given. The special case of a binary logistic regression model is studied in detail. For this case, methods based on conditional scores and quasilikelihood are also extended to cluster correlated data. Results of a small simulation study on the performance of the proposed estimators and associated tests of hypotheses are reported.     

Developments in sample survey theory: An appraisal

Recent developments in sample survey theory include the following topics: foundational aspects of inference, resampling methods for variance and confidence interval estimation, imputation for nonresponse and analysis of complex survey data. An overview and appraisal of some of these developments are presented.     

The Determinants of Gender Equity in India: Examining Dyson and Moore's Thesis with New Data

In revisiting the influential Dyson and Moore (1983) hypothesis as to why women in South India enjoy relatively more agency than in the North, we conducted an econometric analysis of the determinants of women's mobility and decisionmaking authority. Data for the study come from a household data survey carried out in the Northern state of Uttar Pradesh and in the Southern state of Karnataka in 1995. We find that cross‐cousin and uncle‐niece marriage is more prevalent in Karnataka as expected. Contrary to Dyson and Moore, however, by 1995 a majority of communities in both North and South practiced village exogamy, and dowries in the two regions were of similar size. Reduced‐form, multivariate regressions show that cultural factors affect women's autonomy in ways not earlier predicted. The impact of village exogamy is mixed rather than negative, while that of consanguinity is strongly negative rather than positive as Dyson and Moore surmised. These authors correctly identified the negative effect purdah has on female mobility. Consistent with economic theory, our data show that higher wages for women consistently improve their mobility and authority, while higher male wages decrease them. Improvements in infrastructure–particularly the presence of street lights and schools in the village–are associated with increased women's agency. We conclude, therefore, that economic factors, state action, and restrictions on mobility seem more powerful than kinship structures as explanations of differences in female autonomy between North and South India.     

植物性神经系统的第三种成分—NANC神经

近年来已认定植物性神经系统除经典的肾上腺素能和胆碱能神经外,还存在着第三种成分。围绕这第三种成分的研究,出现了嘌呤能神经学派和肽能神经学派。本文综述了该领域的研究进展,着重介绍了两个不同学派的解释和争论。今后对此问题的解决,将是生理学中的一个重大突破。     

Matrix variance inequalities for multivariate distributions

We derive generalizations of the Hoeffding identity for multivariate random vectors and study some measures of dependence in the multidimensional case. In addition, we derive bounds on the covariance matrix for some multivariate distributions in the sense of Loewner ordering.     

General definition and decomposition of projectors and some applications to statistical problems

A general definition of a set of projectors for decomposing a vector as the sum of vectors belonging to disjoint subspaces not necessarily spanning the whole space is given. Such projectors are defined only over the union of the disjoint subspaces. But their extension to the whole space is of some interest in statistical problems. Explicit expressions are obtained for projectors and their extensions in terms of matrices spanning the subspaces and g-inverses. Decomposition of a projector as the sum of projectors on subspaces is obtained and applied to problems arising in correlation analysis, analysis of variance and estimation of parameters in the Gauss-Markoff model.     

Comparative evaluation of genetic algorithms for job-shop scheduling

Many optimization problems from the industrial engineering world, in particular the manufacturing systems, are very complex in nature and quite hard to solve by conventional optimization techniques. There has been increasing interest in imitating living beings to solve such kinds of hard optimization problems. Simulating the natural evolutionary process of human beings results in stochastic optimization tech niques called evolutionary algorithms, which can often outperform conventional optimization methods when applied to difficult real-world problems. There are currently three main avenues of this research: genetic algorithms (GAs), evolutionary programming (EP) and evolution strategies (ESs). Among them, genetic algorithms are perhaps the most widely known types of evolutionary algorithms today. During the past years, several GAs for the job-shop scheduling problems have been proposed, each with different chromosome representation. In this paper, the different GAs are collected from the literature and an attempt has been made to evaluate them. The benchmark problems available in open literature are used for evaluation and the performance measure considered is makespan. The algorithms are coded in C+ +.     

Lessons from the flipside: How do acquirers learn from divestitures to complete acquisitions?

We examine whether experience from prior divestitures is associated with higher completion likelihood in subsequent acquisitions. We argue that through divestitures, firms could extract meaningful knowledge that is helpful for completing their acquisitions, such as a general understanding of acquisition deal-making stages, and the stories and aims of the target in an M&A transaction. In addition, viewing divestitures as the flipside of acquisitions, we conjecture that the selling firm can observe how the divested component of their business is acquired, and vicariously learn from these observations. We also investigate the relative importance of learning from divestiture vis-à-vis acquisition experience in determining acquisition deal completion. Finally, we contend that the effect of learning from divestitures on acquisition deal completion depends on acquisition experience and deal value. We find evidence supporting our conjectures in a sample of 2164 M&A transactions from the worldwide computer and printing industries between 1991 and 2010.