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111.
Patterns of Social Support in the Middle Childhood to Early Adolescent Transition: Implications for Adjustment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mary J. Levitt Jerome Levitt Gastón L. Bustos Noel A. Crooks Jennifer D. Santos Paige Telan Jennifer Hodgetts Avidan Milevsky 《Social Development》2005,14(3):398-420
Children's social networks often include close family members, extended family members, and friends, but little is known about interindividual differences in the patterning of support from these sources. In this study, we used person‐oriented analyses to differentiate patterns of support for children undergoing the transition to adolescence. Social network and adjustment data were collected for an ethnically diverse sample of 691 fourth‐ and sixth‐grade children, with a two‐year follow‐up. Cluster analyses identified one pattern of support from both close family members and friends, a second pattern of support from both close and extended family members, and a third pattern of support primarily from close family members alone. Participants receiving support from close family in combination with either extended family or friends were better adjusted than were those without multiple support resources. The results suggest that a meaningful typology of children's social networks can be developed. 相似文献
112.
It is critical for complex systems to effectively recover, adapt, and reorganize after system disruptions. Common approaches for evaluating system resilience typically study single measures of performance at one time, such as with a single resilience curve. However, multiple measures of performance are needed for complex systems that involve many components, functions, and noncommensurate valuations of performance. Hence, this article presents a framework for: (1) modeling resilience for complex systems with competing measures of performance, and (2) modeling decision making for investing in these systems using multiple stakeholder perspectives and multicriteria decision analysis. This resilience framework, which is described and demonstrated in this article via a real‐world case study, will be of interest to managers of complex systems, such as supply chains and large‐scale infrastructure networks. 相似文献
113.
David Santos Pablo Briñol Richard E. Petty Margarita Gascó Javier Horcajo Beatriz Gandarillas 《Revista de Psicología Social》2019,34(3):506-534
AbstractThis research introduces a new approach for separating people from their thoughts by anticipating selling them to others. Participants were asked to write down either positive or negative thoughts about fast food on different pieces of paper. Then, participants were randomly assigned to role-play the part of either potential buyers or sellers for an advertising campaign. Finally, all participants indicated their self-esteem (as an additional predictor) and their attitudes towards fast food (as the dependent measure). For high self-esteem participants, anticipating selling thoughts to others reduced the impact of thoughts on attitudes, suggesting that distancing thoughts from a location with high validity (the self) reduced the perceived value of their thoughts. In contrast, for low self-esteem participants, anticipating selling thoughts increased their usage, suggesting that separating thoughts from a location with low validity (the self) increased the perceived value of those thoughts. These findings suggest that thoughts can be associated with high or low validity depending on individual differences in self-esteem. 相似文献
114.
This work extends the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) method to latent models outside the scope of latent Gaussian models, where independent components of the latent field can have a near‐Gaussian distribution. The proposed methodology is an essential component of a bigger project that aims to extend the R package INLA in order to allow the user to add flexibility and challenge the Gaussian assumptions of some of the model components in a straightforward and intuitive way. Our approach is applied to two examples, and the results are compared with that obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo, showing similar accuracy with only a small fraction of computational time. Implementation of the proposed extension is available in the R‐INLA package. 相似文献
115.
Cristiano C. Santos Rosangela H. Loschi 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2017,87(15):2940-2961
This paper aims at evaluating different aspects of Monte Carlo expectation – maximization algorithm to estimate heavy-tailed mixed logistic regression (MLR) models. As a novelty it also proposes a multiple chain Gibbs sampler to generate of the latent variables distributions thus obtaining independent samples. In heavy-tailed MLR models, the analytical forms of the full conditional distributions for the random effects are unknown. Four different Metropolis–Hastings algorithms are assumed to generate from them. We also discuss stopping rules in order to obtain more efficient algorithms in heavy-tailed MLR models. The algorithms are compared through the analysis of simulated and Ascaris Suum data. 相似文献
116.
In this article, we use the asymmetric Laplace distribution to define a new method to determine the influence of a certain observation in the fit of quantile regression models. Our measure is based on the likelihood displacement function and we propose two types of measures in order to determine influential observations in a set of conditional quantiles conjointly or in each conditional quantile of interest. We verify the validity of our average measure in a simulated data set as well in an illustrative example with data about air pollution. 相似文献
117.
In the quantitative group testing problem, the use of the group mean to identify if the group maximum is greater than a prefixed threshold (infected group) is analyzed, using n independent and identically distributed individuals. Under these conditions, it is shown that the information of the mean is sufficient to classify each group as infected or healthy with low probability of misclassification when the underline distribution is a unilateral heavy-tailed distribution. 相似文献
118.
Adilson Roque dos Santos Carlos Frederico Duarte da Rocha Helena Godoy Bergallo 《Urban Ecosystems》2010,13(2):209-222
Shaped by European influences, the Brazilian urban landscape was marked by the predominant use of exotic species in planted
areas. In the 19th century along the city streets of Rio de Janeiro, trees were planted at a standard distance from each other.
With time, native species began to be used in the urban landscape. Our purpose was to evaluate the utilization of exotic plant
species in the urban landscape of Rio de Janeiro, evaluate the city’s arboreal deficit, and relate its neighborhood arboreal
density to its economic index. Arboreal deficit represents the negative difference between the total number of expected trees
and the observed number in the streets based in the standard distance used in the past. Twenty native and 40 exotic species
were found in the 1701 streets sampled. A high percent of streets did not have any planted trees and the number of trees was
greater in wealthier neighborhoods. The strong prevalence of exotic species is indicative of the negative impact of human
activity on the biota. Since the municipality of Rio de Janeiro harbors forested areas, the risk for dissemination of exotic
species is high. 相似文献
119.
Santos Márcia R. C. Laureano Raul M. S. Moro Sérgio 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2020,31(1):56-70
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - Public scrutiny and the need for funds in a more competitive environment are pressuring nonprofits to be more consciously... 相似文献
120.
Carrie Rosario Naomi Modeste Hildemar Dos Santos Daniel Handysides Thelma Gamboa-Maldonado Kendal Boyd 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2017,65(6):423-431
Objective: Health literacy is a determinant of health, but disparities in health literacy persist. This study examined the influence of ecological factors on college students’ health literacy. Participants: During January 2016 a nonrandom sample of black undergraduate students (n = 298) aged 18–24 were recruited from enrollment lists at two urban universities in the Southeastern United States. Methods: Information on health literacy as well as numerous intrapersonal, social, and cultural-environment factors was obtained using an electronic questionnaire and then statistically modeled. Results: Ecological factors accounted for 28.7% of the variance in health literacy. In particular, reappraisal (B = 0.323, p < .001), suppression (B = ?0.289, p < .001), campus health education (B = 0.192, p < .05), campus tobacco culture (B = ?0.174, p < .05), and perceived norms (B = ?0.153, p < .05) directly predicted health literacy. Conclusions: Although intrapersonal factors influence health literacy, the sociocultural environment of college can also foster or hinder college students’ health literacy. 相似文献