Screening young people in the juvenile justice system for behavioral & substance abuse disorders

There is a wide variation in viewpoints regarding screening youth in the juvenile justice system for behavioral and substance abuse disorders. No consensus exists within and among local, state, and federal juvenile justice officials regarding the necessity of screening youth for behavioral and substance abuse disorders. Local, state, and federal juvenile justice officials voiced concern regarding screening young people for behavioral and substance abuse disorders without having available funding or facilities for diagnosis and treatment.     

Divesting losers: chipping away at integrated delivery systems

Integrated health systems are rapidly divesting earlier acquisitions to beef up their bottom lines. Take an in-depth look at what the future may hold as the health systems battle to reorganize and reap greater profits.     

An Anti-Introspectivist View of Career Decision Making

This article reviews 50 years of empirical literature on career decision making, summarizing 10 things the field knows “for sure.” An anti-introspectivist view of career decision making is then presented, developed by applying findings from cognitive and experimental social psychology to career decision making. This view holds that most processing performed by the human mind for decision making and behavior initiation is not performed at a conscious level and that reflection on those processes may be futile, and detrimental to good decisions. Although the anti-introspectivist perspective challenges many strongly held assumptions, it provides a plausible explanation of some of the difficulties encountered by decision makers and those who counsel them.     

Estimating the Population Survival Function Using Additional Information Recorded Over Time: a Filter Based Approach

Survival studies often collect information about covariates. If these covariates are believed to contain information about the life-times, they may be considered when estimating the underlying life-time distribution. We propose a non-parametric estimator which uses the recorded information about the covariates. Various forms of incomplete data, e.g. right-censored data, are allowed. The estimator is the conditional mean of the true empirical survival function given the observed history, and it is derived using a general filtering formula. Feng & Kurtz (1994) showed that the estimator is the Kaplan–Meier estimator in the case of right-censoring when using the observed life-times and censoring-times as the observed history. We take the same approach as Feng & Kurtz (1994) but in addition we incorporate the recorded information about the covariates in the observed history. Two models are considered and in both cases the Kaplan–Meier estimator is a special case of the estimator. In a simulation study the estimator is compared with the Kaplan–Meier estimator in small samples.     

Pressures from stakeholders hit Japanese companies

In recent years few US and European executives have been faced with the task of managing in a highly complex, dynamic business environment. There is a growing awareness of the need to consider the interests of a variety of stakeholder groups when making business decisions. This awareness has quickly become a requirement for executives across the globe, even among those in Japanese firms who have historically been less encumbered due to different societal, cultural, and business expectations. This article addresses these differences and discusses the global evolution of stakeholder group influence with an emphasis on US, European, and Japanese executives.     

The determinants of worry over chronic health condition for rural couples

This study investigates the determinants of chronic health conditions that worry the member of rural couples who serves as the household financial manager. A sample of 1,115 rural couples from the NC-182 regional research project Family Resource Utilization as a Factor in Determining Economic Well-Being of Rural Families is used. The logit analysis finds that the probability of having a condition that worries the financial manager increases if she or he is middle aged or older, is not employed, and has external Locus of Control. This probability also increases when the dissatisfaction with the resources available to handle a financial emergency increases and the more often the financial manager does not have money to pay for the doctor.Preparation of this research was supported in part by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station project 52–056 and the Minnesota Extension Service. Data were collected in conjunction with the cooperative regional research project NC-182, Family Resource Utilization as a Factor in Determining Economic Well-Being of Rural Families. Cooperating states are Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, and Minnesota.Her current research interests include the economic well-being of various family forms. She received her Ph.D. from University of Illinois.Her current research interests include family financial management and consumer bankruptcy. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Missouri.Her current research interests include issues concerned with family stress management including financial stress. She received her Ph.D. at Michigan State University.Her current research interests include economic and environmental well-being for families and individuals with emphasis on the impact of environmental regulations on economic well-being. She received her Ph.D. from University of Illinois.His current interests include economic well-being of rural families. He was a research assistant for Dr. Bauer before receiving his Ph.D. degree in Agriculture and Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.     

One-parent families in Europe: a review

"One parent families form about 10-15 percent of all families in most industrialized countries. This review examines a selected number of European studies related to one-parent families completed during the 1985-1992 period. The major findings are presented, and implications for further research are included."     

Tripartite structural analysis: Generalizing the Breiger-Wilson formalism

Tripartite graphs have three types of nodes and ties exist only between nod this paper, we indicate the background of work in structural analysis that leads to the use of such graphs and we develop the associated matrix methods. Fundamentally, the idea is to move another step forward in our ability to treat in analytical terms the general phenomenon of overlapping inclusions, such as that of persons and groups. We relate this idea to classic concerns with the interpenetration of persons, social systems, and cultural systems. In detail, the framework and results generalize those of Breiger (1974) and Wilson (1982).     

Intake fraction for multimedia pollutants: a tool for life cycle analysis and comparative risk assessment.

We employ the intake fraction (iF) as an effective tool for expressing the source-to-intake relationship for pollutant emissions in life cycle analysis (LCA) or comparative risk assessment. Intake fraction is the fraction of chemical mass emitted into the environment that eventually passes into a member of the population through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. To date, this concept has been primarily applied to pollutants whose primary route of exposure is inhalation. Here we extend the use of iF to multimedia pollutants with multiple exposure pathways. We use a level III multimedia model to calculate iF for TCDD and compare the result to one calculated from measured levels of dioxin toxic equivalents in the environment. We calculate iF for emissions to air and surface water for 308 chemicals. We correlate the primary exposure route with the magnitudes of the octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow, and of the air-water partitioning coefficient (dimensionless Henry constant), Kaw. This results in value ranges of Kow and Kaw where the chemical exposure route can be classified with limited input data requirements as primarily inhalation, primarily ingestion, or multipathway. For the inhalation and ingestion dominant pollutants, we also define empirical relationships based on chemical properties for quantifying the intake fraction. The empirical relationships facilitate rapid evaluation of many chemicals in terms of the intake. By defining a theoretical upper limit for iF in a multimedia environment we find that iF calculations provide insight into the multimedia model algorithms and help identify unusual patterns of exposure and questionable exposure model results.