The paper addresses the problem of plant location in the formal context of decision making under uncertainty and presents a framework employing Bayesian analysis in the collection and assessment of information. As a general model, the Bayesian approach is shown to subsume two practical approaches common to plant-location literature: satisficing and spatial hierarchy of plant-site characteristics. 相似文献
Theorists have linked the creation of social capital to the development of the kind of robust civil society that underwrites
the well formed and stable democracy. This understanding raises the problem of what is social capital in specific national
contexts. A critical issue is whether and to what extent a model of social capital moulded to the EuroAmerican experience
is applicable to the new democracies. Three arguments are made in the context of a review of the works of Putnam and Touraine.
First, the question of social capital foundationally concerns not only the production of institutions and values but the conditions of production. Analysis thus needs to grasp not only the specifically social process of its creation, distribution, and institutionalization,
but the political culture and economy that serve as its foundation. Second, theories of social capital created in the context
of nation-state based production-centered political economy do not capture what is going on in an increasingly globalized
and circulatory political economy. And third, theories of social capital centered on the United States and Europe are only
partially applicable to the emerging democracies of Africa and the postcolony generally.
A large, integrated survey data set provided by the Ontario Problem Gambling Centre was used to investigate psychometric properties
of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). This nine-item self-report instrument was designed to measure a single, problem
gambling construct. Unlike its nearest competitor—the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)—the PGSI was designed specifically
for use with a general population rather than in a clinical context. The present analyses demonstrated that the PGSI does
assess a single, underlying, factor, but that this is complicated by different, multiple factor structures for respondents
with differing levels of problem gambling severity. The PGSI also demonstrated small to moderate correlations with measures
of gambling frequency and faulty cognitions. Overall, the PGSI presents a viable alternative to the SOGS for assessing degrees
of problem gambling severity in a non-clinical context.
Residential development in urban and suburban settings is a major cause of habitat change affecting avian communities. The
effects from land-clearing prior to initiation of construction followed by landscaping focused on traditional aesthetics has
reduced habitat diversity at multiple levels. These residential developments generally emphasize the use of ornamental, nonindigenous
vegetation with little to no concern for native species and natural vegetation parameters. As a result, avian community composition
and diversity is changed. We compared avian communities at three sites in Bexar County, Texas; two residential neighborhoods
in the city of San Antonio and an unincorporated undeveloped site, Government Canyon State Natural Area. The residential neighborhoods
were a Texas Parks and Wildlife Department certified wildscapes development and a traditionally developed neighborhood. Bird
abundance and species richness in the neighborhoods were greater than at Government Canyon State Natural Area (P < 0.01), but no differences existed between the neighborhoods. Bird diversity was greatest at the wildscapes neighborhood
(P < 0.01). Further, bird diversity did not differ between the traditional neighborhood and the natural area. Evenness differed
among sites (P = 0.006) with the natural area having the greatest value. Bird diversity measures correlated with woody plant density and
vertical cover (r = 0.358 to 0.673, P < 0.05) at residential sites. Residential areas incorporating natural landscapes into their design attracted a greater variety
of birds than traditionally landscaped residential areas. 相似文献
This paper investigates the impact of social class, occupational and family life-course, relocation, age, generation and gender on exercise. Longitudinal, life course-oriented analysis enables identification of the (often diverse) conditions for (re-)uptake and discontinuation of exercise. The paper takes a detailed look at different types of exercise, enabling exploration of the various motivating influences and barriers involved. The database is a retrospective representative survey of the 50 to 70 year old population of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The results show that higher educational qualifications are associated with higher levels of exercise, whereas manual labor and – among women – childcare are associated with lower levels of exercise. With respect to the impact of education, cultural rather than economic capital seems to be the determining influence. Other factors – (un-)employment, partnership, relocation, age and cohort – tend to have more complex effects on exercise. Though being a member of the workforce reduces the likelihood of starting to exercise, it also reduces the likelihood of dropping out. Though partnership encourages the dissemination of exercise, initiation of a relationship is also associated with a higher incidence of discontinuation. Relocation prompts both initiation and discontinuation of exercise. Surprisingly, up to the over-50 age group, increasing age is associated with an increased prevalence of physical activity, especially among women. The results of analysis of social differences in terms of types of physical activity can be used in health programs to provide scientifically founded recommendations for the promotion of specific types of physical activity for lower educational groups, seniors, and other social groups whose lifestyle tends to be inactive. 相似文献
Attitudes toward same‐sex intimate relationships and intimate partner violence (IPV) are changing. Little research, however, has examined norms about IPV in same‐sex relationships. Using a fractional factorial (experimental vignette) design, we conducted random‐digit‐dialed interviews in four languages with 3,679 community‐residing adults. Multivariate analyses of responses to 14,734 vignettes suggest that IPV against gay male, lesbian, and heterosexual women is more likely than that against heterosexual men to be considered illegal and that it should be illegal, police called, and a stay‐away order issued. Regardless of gender and sexual orientation, the type of abuse and whether a weapon was displayed are the strongest predictors of respondents’ judgments about whether a behavior is illegal and merits a range of societal interventions.相似文献
To what extent can immigrant parents transmit their home-country language to their children? Drawing on a recent national sample of children of immigrants in France, this paper examines the effects of parental language socialisation and exposure to the parental home country on language ability and language practices of their adult children. The data show that parental efforts at transmitting the language are necessary, but ultimately insufficient especially when it comes to language practices. Almost none of those who grew up without or with only minimal exposure to the parental home-country language use it. But even among those who had extensive exposure only a minority end up using it in their daily lives. The only domain where the second-generation uses the parental home-country language to a non-trivial degree is in the family context. In addition parental resources can have contradictory effects. While successful transmission of home-country language in the immigrant context requires significant resources, those parents who have these resources are less likely to try to pass on their language. 相似文献
Despite increases in research on the migration of skilled Africans to the developed world, few studies have examined the specific mechanisms of departure contributing to these trends. Previous studies further contain limited analysis of how these mechanisms respond to Africa’s changing social and demographic trends. This study uses data from various sources to examine these issues. The results indicate that, in absolute terms, overall emigration flows of highly skilled Africans to the US more than doubled between 1980 and 2010. In addition, they suggest that previous arguments indicating that the recruitment of African professionals drives these flows understate the role of student migration in driving these movements. In the past three decades, more skilled Africans migrated to the US through student migration mechanisms than through any mechanism associated with the recruitment of workers. Furthermore, in recent years, the Diversity Visa Program has become the second most important mechanism through which skilled emigration from Africa occurs. Finally, the analysis finds that trends in African student emigration are highly responsive to youth population growth and that, surprisingly, the migration of skilled professionals is less influenced by African economic trends than by economic trends in the US.