汉语方言自动聚类与分区及相关计算方法

本文回顾了学界对汉语方言之间相互关系的三种计量方法：特征统计、词源统计和词汇相似度计量,指出这三种计量方法采用的是非整体的、语音和词汇上受限的考察方法。文章阐述了一种更适用的计算模型,即Levenshtein Distance算法(莱文斯坦距离,或称编辑距离),该方法对语言或方言之间线性字符串的语音相似性和词汇对应性具有协调功能,并蕴含特征比对和词源概率效用。本文自动分区实验汇集了南方吴、闽、粤、湘、客、赣、徽、淮8个分区的78个方言,官话方言有东北、北京、冀鲁、胶辽、中原、兰银、西南108个方言,共计186个汉语方言点。每个方言收集了斯瓦迪士100个基本词,并对方言之间展开相似性计算。计算结果与传统分区基本一致,但更为精准。     

云南区域经济协调发展的总体构想

作者根据云南地区之间经济差异与发展基础差异的实际,围绕如何满足全面建设小康社会的目标要求,作出了“立体式”的发展探索。在对云南经济的区域性、重点性和阶段性等进行分析后,按发展特征明确了云南经济运行的规律性,进一步提出了发展布署中的目标、重点、路径方面的构想。     

第三代领导集体关于农村工作的理论与实践

党的第三代领导集体提炼和总结出了一套比较完整的农村经济发展理论,1989年以来,以江泽民为核心的第三代领导集体形成后,不仅坚持了这些理论和政策,而且在新的历史条件下发展了这些理论和政策,进一步稳定和完善了联产承包责任制;坚持了农业的基础地位;实施了科教兴国战略;开展了扶贫与西部大开发;减轻农民经济负担,使农村经济进一步走向繁荣。     

公共投资、经济增长与腐败的相关问题研究

投资是社会经济发展的动力 ,但腐败的存在 ,极大地影响了投资的绩效和经济发展的质量 ,在公共投资领域的表现尤为明显。为了提高公共投资推动经济增长的绩效 ,必须剔除或弱化腐败对公共投资的消极影响 ,要求在公共投资项目决策与实施过程中 ,设置有效的腐败预防制度     

中国传统的非逻辑思维方式对博士生创造性思维生成的启示

非逻辑思维是中国传统思维的组成部分,它内含着重要的创造性品质,这种创造性品质对于当代博士生提高创造性思维能力具有重要意义。     

The TRIPs agreement and technological innovation

In this paper we attempt to evaluate the possible spill-over of the international agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPs for short), underwritten in 1994, regarding economic growth for both wealthy and developing countries. We find that the TRIPs convention has prompted, at the same time, innovation in developing countries and a rise in the per capita income for all the economies involved in international commerce. As a by-product of our research we find that, despite the strong growth of resident patents application after 1995 (the year in which TRIPs came into force), most of the increase in the gross domestic product per capita in developing countries is attributable to the international transfer of technologies, via foreign direct investments.     

战后日本学术界近代中国东北史研究述评

日本学界在战前就十分关注对中国东北地区的研究，战后则经过五十至七十年代的复苏休整，八、九十年代以来形成近代东北史研究的繁荣局面，在各种新的理论方法的影响下，取得了令人瞩目的成就，其经验与教训值得我国学者学习与借鉴。     

试论“摸起来”与“摸上去”

感官动词"摸"所构成的动补结构"摸起来"、"摸上去",二者在语义、句法、语用、单位性质等方面存在着异同。两者在语法单位性质上根据二者语义的不同可视为短语或正向词过渡的短语。     

The Protective Impact of a Covariate on Competing Failures with an Example from a Bone Marrow Transplantation Study

Starting from an applied Bone Marrow Transplantation(BMT) study, the problem of “unexpected protectivity” in competing risks models is introduced, which occurs when one covariate shows a protective impact not expected from a medical perspective. Current explanations found in the statistical literature suggest that unexpected protectivity might be due to the lack of independence between the competing failures. Actually, in the presence of dependence, the Kaplan-Meier curves are not interpretable. Conversely, the cumulative incidence curves remain interpretable, and therefore seem to be a candidate for solving the problem. We discuss the particular nature of dependence in a competing risks framework and illustrate how this dependence may be created via a common frailty factor. A Monte Carlo experiment is set up which accounts also for the association between the observable covariates and the frailty factor. The aim of the experiment is to understand whether and how the bias showed by the estimates could be related to the omitted frailty variable. The results show that dependence alone does not cause false protectivity, and that the cumulative incidence curves suffer the same bias as the survival curves and therefore do not seem to be a solution to false protectivity. Conversely, false protectivity may occur according to the magnitude and the sign of the dependence between the frailty factor and the covariate. The paper ends with some suggestions for empirical research. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.