The Redistributive Effects of the Tax Wedge in Italy

Abstract. This paper presents an original data set of microdata on the tax wedge in Italy, obtained by using the microsimulation model ITAXMOD, developed at ISPE (Institute for Studies on Economic Planning). These data are used to measure the components of the tax wedge and their burden on the total cost of labour at the individual level. The results have been aggregated across income brackets, socio-economic groups and sectors of employment. These data are the necessary preliminary input for any redistributive analysis and in addition they make the available data for Italy comparable with those of other countries. Scant attention has been paid up to now to the redistributive aspects of the tax wedge, since most analyses are based on the income of the “average production worker” which is far from an ideal standard for comparison. The computation of the tax wedge for different brackets of total labour cost has been explored in two ways. The first is related to the differing weights of the components of the tax wedge on cost of labour and no particular hypothesis has been made about the incidence of these components. The results show that the burden of personal income taxation and of social security contributions is very high even for wage-earners in the lowest brackets (in 1992, the estimated tax wedge is more than 44% of total labour cost even in the second decile of the labour cost). That might discourage both labour supply and labour demand across the entire spectrum of deciles of cost of labour. The second line of research studies the incidence of personal income taxes and employees' social security contributions on gross earnings, under the maintained hypothesis that these two components of the tax wedge are shouldered by the employees.     

Networks as mediating variables: a Bayesian latent space approach

Statistical Methods & Applications - The use of network analysis to investigate social structures has recently seen a rise due to the high availability of data and the numerous insights it can...     

Is the Preference for Children so Low,or is the Price of Time so High? A simultaneous model of fertility and participation in Italy with cohort effects

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a simultaneous model of fertility and female participation in Italy, estimated with a sequence of cross-sections of micro data. Cohort dummies are used to capture permanent effects, including cohort changes in preferences. The cohort effects turn out to be not very significant, the point estimates suggesting a decreasing trend in participation and an increasing trend in fertility. The wage effects are instead rather strong and significant. The model produces simulations which are close to actual trends, which would seem largely explained by wage incentives. The explanation for a particularly high elasticity of fertility with respect to female wage should ultimately be searched for in the specific differences which characterize the Italian social and institutional environment.     

数字政府视域下政务数据开放的法治化路径研究

作为“第五生产要素”的数据在建设数字政府中发挥了极其重要的作用。《数据安全法》也设专章对政务数据开放进行了规定,但从政务数据开放的实践来看,“信息孤岛”“数据烟囱”问题严重,政务数据权属模糊、开放准备度不足、顶层设计统筹规划缺乏、开放到利用的转化率低等问题严重影响了政务数据的深度开放和利用。从行政法学的角度研究政务数据开放的内在逻辑和理论基础,有助于发现和解决政务数据开放制度运行中存在的问题,并可进一步完善政务数据开放制度的合法性与正当性。政务数据开放制度的完善应当在法治轨道上从数据开放的规范供给、主体责任、监管治理以及安全保护等方面科学、有序地推进。     

Do Economic Recovery Packages Open a Window of Opportunity for Corruption and Mismanagement? The Case of Italy in the Aftermath of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Public Organization Review - This paper explores the effects of the pandemic on corruption and mismanagement in Italy, a country where the Covid-19 crisis is supposed to have significantly...     

我国战略性产业发展重点选择与推进策略

到2035年,基本实现现代化从推动产业结构转型、促进自主创新、助力实现“双碳目标”、加快抢占全球产业制高点、支撑构建新发展格局等多个方面对培育发展战略性产业提出新要求。未来十五年,我国应重点发展机械、电子信息、汽车、化工、房地产、轻纺等转型升级后的现有支柱产业,新一代信息技术、生物技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备、新能源汽车、绿色环保等新兴支柱产业与类脑智能、量子信息、基因技术、未来网络、深海空天开发、氢能与储能等未来支柱产业,形成“6+7+6”战略性产业格局。要瞄准制约战略性产业发展的主要障碍和难点问题,优化顶层设计、深化重点领域改革、加强产业政策支撑、提高产业创新能力、完善体制机制,多措并举助力战略性产业加快发展。