Assessing Participation and Effectiveness of the Peer-Led Approach in Youth Sexual Health Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in More Developed Countries

Sexual health education for young people is crucial not only for development of norms but also for protection against vulnerabilities during this stage in life. Although several systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of peer-led sex education, none have focused on the extent of peer participation. The purpose of this review was to evaluate peer-led sexual health education interventions in more developed countries (MDCs). Electronic and manual searches across five social science, education, and medical databases were conducted. Fifteen articles were selected in total. Most (10 of 15) studies gave low or no responsibility to peers. The majority of articles found improvements in sexual health knowledge (13 of 14) and attitudes (11 of 15) at postintervention stages. Two studies showed improved self-efficacy, and three showed behavioral changes. A preliminary synthesis of effectiveness and level of participation was done. Meta-analysis revealed a large effect on knowledge change (Hedges’ g = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 1.25) and a medium effect on attitude change (Hedges’ g = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.80). Peer-led interventions could be a powerful tool. This review shows that this approach is effective in changing knowledge and attitudes but not behaviors. Further research and action are needed to understand optimal implementation.     

"Little" and "Big" Pictures in Our Heads: Race, Local Context, and Innumeracy About Racial Groups in the United States

Americans do not know what percentage of the nation's residentsare whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians.Using the 2000 General Social Survey, I find that respondentsof all races underestimate the percentages of whites and overestimatethe percentages of racial/ethnic minority groups and multiracialAmericans in the United States; however, they perceive theirlocal communities quite differently. As a first step towardunderstanding this discrepancy, I test whether individuals’local surroundings serve as a source of information for theirpictures of the United States. I examine the relationship between"objective" data and respondents’ subjective perceptionsof where they live, and compare their respective effects onAmericans’ perceptions of the nation. Multivariate multilevelanalyses show that respondents’ perceptions of differentracial group sizes in their communities are the strongest predictorsof innumeracy at the national level, while "objective" racialcontext measured at the local level has less of an effect. Thesefindings have important implications for research on racialcontext, which assumes that census numbers for respondents’locales are good proxies for their perceptions of the size ofracial/ethnic groups in their communities. Furthermore, thesefindings suggest that scholars need to start thinking aboutwhy whites and non-whites have similar "big pictures" of thenation, why their "little pictures" vary a great deal, and whythe motivations for over- and underestimation may differ byracial/ethnic group.     

有限理性下的社保基金投资监管进化博弈研究

社保基金的投资监管是复杂的决策问题,无法满足主流博弈论“完全理性”的要求。因此从有限理性角度出发,分别建立了基金经理人之间、社保基金管理机构与基金经理人之间的进化博弈模型,求出模型的复制动态方程,研究不同情况下的进化稳定策略,并得到博弈群体的复制动态相位图。     

探因"贾岛现象"

在大诗人迭出的唐代,相形之下,贾岛的文学成就并不算高,但其对后世诗人的影响远远超出了其自身的成就.晚唐多种风格林立,但后人所称"晚唐体"却仅指贾岛一派诗风.北宋初九僧、林逋等隐逸诗人,南宋末永嘉四灵,明末竟陵派均宗师贾岛."贾岛现象"的浪底到底存在着怎样的动力源,竟能一次次地在文学史上掀起千层浪花?笔者试从贾岛生平、作诗态度、诗歌意境三方面进行论述,探究"贾岛现象"形成的原因.     

公共支出绩效管理的国际比较与借鉴

提升公共支出绩效既体现了现代预算管理的变革趋势,又符合加强绩效管理的要求,是中国公共财政建设的改革方向。借鉴市场经济国家公共支出绩效管理的经验,需要结合具体国情,循序渐进地引入绩效管理的理念与制度框架,适时建立绩效评价结果与预算编制有机结合的预算约束机制。     

蒲河新城:拉开沈北大开发序幕

为整合沈阳北部地区的土地、产业、人才资源,使沈北新区迅速崛起,蒲河新城管理委员会近日成立。新规划的蒲河新城东邻棋盘山、世博园,西接环北经济区,北连沈北腹地,南靠沈阳母城,其范围是新规划的北三环以南沈北新区区域,总面积270平方     

SIMEX estimation for single-index model with covariate measurement error

AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis - In this paper, we consider the single-index measurement error model with mismeasured covariates in the nonparametric part. To solve the problem, we develop a...     

Protecting and Benchmarking Migrants’ Rights: An Analysis of the Global Compact for Safe,Orderly and Regular Migration

The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (GCM) was to be “guided by human rights law and standards” in recognition of the rights of international migrants, who are currently protected by an overlapping patchwork of treaties and international law. The GCM contains many laudable commitments that, if implemented, will ensure that states more consistently respect, protect, and fulfil the rights of all migrants and also that states incorporate data on migration into a more cohesive governance regime that does more to promote cooperation on the issue of international migration. However, many concerns remain. Using a legal analysis and cross‐national policy data, we find that the GCM neither fully articulates existing law nor makes use of international consensus to expand the rights of migrants. In its first section, this article provides a concise analysis of the GCM's compliance with a set of core principles of existing international human rights law regarding migrants. In the second section, we apply a novel instrument to create an objective, cross‐national accounting of the laws protecting migrants’ rights in various national legal frameworks. Focusing on a sample of five diverse destination and sending countries, the results suggest we are close to an international consensus on the protection of a core set of migrants’ rights. This analysis should help prioritize the work necessary to implement the GCM.