论福柯非历史主义的历史观

由于连续的历史观假定主体具有先验奠基和构造事物的作用 ,所以 ,对坚持起源、连续性和总体性这三个论题的历史主义进行批判 ,是福柯反对近代先验意识哲学的理论前提。虽然都批判了以黑格尔历史主义为理论基础的西方总体化的理性过程 ,但福柯与韦伯、马克思、霍克海默和哈贝马斯等人之间还是存在着颇多歧异。福柯所谓的“真实的历史”实是一种否定事物的本质起源并强调历史过程的间断性和个体化的非历史主义的历史。     

我国会计准则变更价值相关实证研究

我国的资本市场发展时间短,相应的会计准则也处于不断的更替和完善过程中。通过运用价值相关研究方法中的Feltham-Ohlson模型,检验我国会计准则变更是否达到了准则制定者期望达到的目的。研究发现:1、1996~2001年我国会计信息的价值相关性没有随各项具体会计准则的变更逐年提高,反而逐年降低;2、这种会计准则变更所带来的价值相关性在亏损上市公司和非亏损上市公司具有明显不同,但仍不支持“会计准则变更会提高会计信息含量”的假设;3、与2000年相比,2001年会计数据不但没有更谨慎,反而更“激进”。     

Social Capital and Human Mortality: Explaining the Rural Paradox with County‐Level Mortality Data

The “rural paradox” refers to standardized mortality rates in rural areas that are unexpectedly low in view of well‐known economic and infrastructural disadvantages there. We explore this paradox by incorporating social capital, a promising explanatory factor that has seldom been incorporated into residential mortality research. We do so while being attentive to spatial dependence, a statistical problem often ignored in mortality research. Analyzing data for counties in the contiguous United States, we find that: (1) the rural paradox is confirmed with both metro‐nonmetro and rural‐urban continuum codes, (2) social capital significantly reduces the impacts of residence on mortality after controlling for race and ethnicity and socioeconomic covariates, (3) this attenuation is greater when a spatial perspective is imposed on the analysis, (4) social capital is negatively associated with mortality at the county level, and (5) spatial dependence is strongly in evidence. A spatial approach is necessary in county‐level analyses such as ours to yield unbiased estimates and optimal model fit.     

早期拉丁教父的死亡观评析——以德尔图良、安布罗斯和奥古斯丁为例

早年的德尔图良在死亡观上,采取了实用主义的态度,他同情胆怯者,号召人们勇敢面对死亡;晚年的德尔图良成了一名孟他努主义者,因而在死亡问题上采取了偏激的态度,他开始诅咒胆怯者和极力赞扬殉道者。安布罗斯从肉体与灵魂的截然对立出发,认为死亡的本质就是善,因为死亡意味着灵魂离开肉体而获得自由,这种死亡观显然是柏拉图主义影响的结果。作为教会体制代言人的奥古斯丁,则从《圣经》的立场出发重新解读死亡,他认为死亡不是善而是恶,但是这种恶可以被转化为善用;他同情惧死行为,并谴责自杀性的殉道现象,认为这种现象不仅与《圣经》教导相悖逆,而且客观上会鼓动异端邪说,威胁教会统治。     

Spatial variability of epibiotic assemblages on marina pontoons in Singapore

Berthing pontoons, one of the most ubiquitous structures in marinas, are known to provide recruitment substrate for a variety of marine biota but little has been reported on their capacity to support epibiotic organisms in tropical marinas, and even less is known about the factors that shape their distribution in such environments. We surveyed the epibiotic assemblages on the sides of pontoons in three Singapore marinas and examined the environmental conditions that influenced their distribution. A total of 94 taxa were recorded, with each marina hosting 43–65 taxa. Assemblages among marinas were highly distinct, and, key discriminants included components of biotic (alcyonarians, hexacorallians, bivalves, and annelids), as well as abiotic (sediment, bare area and shell fragments) origin. While the assemblage variation among marinas was influenced by local environmental conditions (e.g. water motion and sedimentation rate) and pontoon material, the variation in distribution within each marina was best explained by the distance of the pontoons from the marina’s entrance (epibiotic diversity and taxa richness were lower away from the marina entrance). Knowledge on the distribution of epibiotic assemblages on pontoons is essential to identify the factors that contribute to spatial variation and encourage the design and construction of ecologically-friendly marinas. Our findings suggest that improvements to pontoon design and layout would help to augment marina biodiversity, enhance the ecology of urbanised coasts, and mitigate development impacts.     

Exploiting Technological Indicators for Effective Technology Merger and Acquisition (M&A) Predictions

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) play increasingly important roles for contemporary business, especially in high‐tech industries that conduct M&As to pursue complementarity from other companies and thereby preserve or extend their competitive advantages. The appropriate selection (prediction) of M&A targets for a given bidder company constitutes a critical first step for an effective technology M&A activity. Yet existing studies only employ financial and managerial indicators when constructing M&A prediction models, and select candidate target companies without considering the profile of the bidder company or its technological compatibility with candidate target companies. Such limitations greatly restrict the applicability of existing studies to supporting technology M&A predictions. To address these limitations, we propose a technology M&A prediction technique that encompasses technological indicators as independent variables and accounts for the technological profiles of both bidder and candidate target companies. Forty‐three technological indicators are derived from patent documents and an ensemble learning method is developed for our proposed technology M&A prediction technique. Our evaluation results, on the basis of the M&A cases between January 1997 and May 2008 that involve companies in Japan and Taiwan, confirm the viability and applicability of the proposed technology M&A prediction technique. In addition, our evaluation also suggests that the incorporation of the technological profiles and compatibility of both bidder and candidate target companies as predictors significantly improves the effectiveness of relevant predictions.     

The determinants and patterns of married women's labor force participation in Korea

The present study investigates the determinants and patterns of married women's labor force participation in Korea. Married women's employment in Korea is largely determined by age, urban residence, household characteristics of the husband's socioeconomic status, family income, fertility, and the lagged effect of work. Older age, rural residence, inferior household economic condition, and recent work experience are the major positive causes of married women's participation in the market work. On the other hand, younger women with preschool children, who currently reside in urban areas, enjoying better household economic conditions (due to higher socioeconomic status of husbands and/or higher family income) are the groups of women with the smallest probability of working in the market. Married women's employment pattern in Korea shows a pattern typical of less-developed and low-income countries in two aspects: married women working and characterized by a low level of education; the difference between urban and rural areas in terms of work participation pattern is remarkable. Although Korea belongs to the advanced group of currently industrializing countries, she lags behind with other developing countries in terms of married women's employment. Moreover, it is difficult to predict in advance that Korea would have similar experiences as those of contemporary advanced countries.     

Online tree node assignment with resource augmentation

Given a complete binary tree of height h, the online tree node assignment problem is to serve a sequence of assignment/release requests, where an assignment request, with an integer parameter 0≤i≤h, is served by assigning a (tree) node of level (or height) i and a release request is served by releasing a specified assigned node. The node assignments have to guarantee that no node is assigned to two assignment requests unreleased, and every leaf-to-root path of the tree contains at most one assigned node. With assigned node reassignments allowed, the target of the problem is to minimize the number of assignments/reassignments, i.e., the cost, to serve the whole sequence of requests. This online tree node assignment problem is fundamental to many applications, including OVSF code assignment in WCDMA networks, buddy memory allocation and hypercube subcube allocation.     

仫佬族民歌的类型、功能及其意义

广西独有的少数民族仫佬族,其民歌类型丰富,功能多样。古条、随口答和口风作为仫佬歌的基本类型,具有培育和强化民族认同、展开人际交流、传递经验、表达情感、斗智逞强、进行消遣娱乐等民俗功能。仫佬歌还呈现出三个层次的当代意义:全面地反映和展现民族生活,增强了民族凝聚力;体现了各民族间的交流、团结;另外,仫佬民歌与其他民族文化元素的共享,表明整个中华民族自古以来就是和谐的一家。